Life is a Gift Essay

animateness is a gift. It is an honor a spark an excitement. We all withstand a world of our own. A wise author, Albert Camus, once stated, you will n eer be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never come through if you are looking for the heart of feeling report card (Albert Camus). Life is about(predicate) aliment to your amplyest abilities why waste our time looking for the centre of each tip we take? Each mortal is a part of life. Each life has a world of its own. I turn over that the meaning of life, defined by Victor E.Frankl, is to watch over meaning in our own life. Each and all person on this planet has a meaning to his own life, and is a unique and independent individual. And so, the question comes a persistent, Who am I? The reaction is I. I am who I am, and non one person bunghole ever change that. My life is exceedingly meaningful, and is made up of a series of rituals, experiences, a plentiful amount of mistakes , and many an(prenominal) various emotions. According to the article, The eucharist of Passage, a ritual helps us understand the changes in our lives and give meaning to experiences we undergo.Rituals express who we are today, as well as the sum descend of our actions, feelings, and thoughts that makes each person in this world, a single, individual person. An face of a major ritual and life-changing event in the Odyssey is the trial of the twist. During this scene, a hide Odysseus surpassed a difficult task, as he without effort strung the gain say bow. Odysseus, after laying the arrow on the arch, shot the mighty bow with careful aim, not missing an axes ring from first to travel (Homer 2011).This scene makes a change in not only Odysseuss life, but also his son, Telemachus, and his wife, Penelope. The trial of the bow is an important Rite of Passage, crack significance to each one of their lives. Just like Odysseus, I abide progressed through a numerous amount of ritual s, a dour with experiences, mistakes, truths and actions, all lead-in up to the fourteen year old girl I am today. Although each person has a different opinion on what surrounds us, I believe the nature of the universe is full of the unknown. The world is a scary place to be in, it encloses us in, with secret code but mystery.It is a scare thing, to move on with your life not knowing what will get hold in the next few moments, but that is what life is all about the unknown. We surround ourselves with questions that can never be answered yet we assumeiness to see to it to live life in the present, not idea about the future(a) with every step we take. No one in this world is business organizationless, in fact, according to H. L. Mencken, The one permanent emotion of the inferior man is fear fear of the unknown, the complex, the inexplicable. What he wants above everything else is safety (H.L. Mencken).In agreement to Mencken, nothing in this world is safe we waste seconds m inutes hours even age worrying about our fears. Worrying about our fears of the unknown. I believe we cant relate to this unknown universe, however, we can live with it. Instead of fireful up each day wondering what the unknown is, we motif to wake up everyday focusing on what we do know, and interpreting that data into what we understand. In order to find the meaning in our lives, we each need control over our lives. I control my life one vitamin C percent.I make me own decisions, choose my individual actions, and control my responses. We cause complete control over our own lives. However, the one think we do not have control over is other peoples actions and decisions. Although we have the power in our individual lives, others whitethorn influence our judgments, choices, and conclusions. all of these factors affect whom we are, along with the fact that we cant control others reactions, which may cause poor influence on us. For example, in the novel, The Odyssey, Odysseus sails a long journey home, facing many distractions, challenges, and adventures.He encounters many different monsters that break up him in his path, including Cyclops, The Sirens, and Poseidon. Although Odysseus can control his actions, and the way he fights, he has a weakness when it comes to his opponents. Just like Odysseus, we can control our actions and responses, but when it comes to having others involves, we have no control over how they can act and make their choices. sustenance life freely, with no regrets, and accomplishing all of our goals. That is a delightful life. Taking risks, without worrying, amiable ourselves, being happy with our achievements, and experiencing all different emotions is what life is all about.A variety of different feelings occur throughout our lives we need happiness, excitement, fears, anger, and even tear to lead a fulfilling life. In the independent reading novel, entitled speak Melinda Sordino writes about emotions and feelings, When peo ple dont express themselves, they stop one piece at a time (Anderson 58). Melinda believes the reasons people need to express themselves is because everyone needs to experience all kinds of emotions in order to act and stay alive.In the Odyssey, Both Odysseus and Telemachus are involved by an overcome amount of emotions. Without the emphasis of their feelings without the novel, the story would have much less meaning and would not be as dramatic. Emotions add to our everyday conversations and feelings towards each other. We need them to live a satisfying, enjoyable life. I believe, in order to find the meaning of my life, I need to sit back, relax, and let the question answer itself. In order to survive, and live for as long as possible, I have to enjoy my life in the present.Not be thinking about the future, and where life is going to take me but live life as it is brought to me, rather then bringing myself to my life. By being uncomplaining and letting my life come to me as tim e goes on, I am sure to survive for a longer, happier, and more exciting period of time. Yet, at the conclusion to each persons life, the certainty of death must strike. Getting ourselves ready for this unpredictable day is very easy, as long as weve accomplished everything that we have set out to achieve, death may appear whenever it feels the need to.It is a misfortunate thing, though, as some deaths gear up so quickly and abruptly, we do not have time to say our goodbyes. Nor do the victims have time to achieve their goals, and pass on wishes. An example of a sudden death is in the novel entitles Lost for Words, by Alice Kuipers. In the story, Sophies older sister died traumatically in a sudden train bombing. Due to the death, it ripped Sophies family apart. They stopped talking to each other, and everything became muggy between her and her mother.Because of the unpredictable death at such a youthfulness age, her sister was, sorrowfully, not ready for her time to come. She m ay have not achieved her goals in life, and got to take as many risks as life leads her too, reservation it an even bigger tragedy for Sophie and her family. There were a number of irritating deaths in the Odyssey as well. These included Odysseus crew, Odysseus mother, and many suitors. From reading all of these foreboding(a) scenes and stories about death, I have learned that in order to adjudicate myself for the inevitability of death, I need to start living my life with many risks, and no regrets.By living my life without any doubts, and enjoying my life in the present, I can be sure to live a long, satisfying life, ready for the fate of death for whenever it decides to doom on me. I believe the meaning of life, is to find meaning in our own, individual lives. By time lag for life to come to me, and enjoying the present in a way of happiness, enjoyment, and risks, I can be sure to eventually come to a full understanding of why I am here, living today. Each life has a world of its own, and each person his own life. Each person in this world will have a different story to share, and a different meaning and impact on our world today.

Cigarettes: United States Constitution and American Medical Association Essay

Should the production and sale of cig arttes be muddle nonlegal? Cigarettes ache had a declining reputation ever since they were linked to various(a) forms of malignant neoplastic disease, and other debilitating conditions. Cigarettes were non seen as harmful until everyday cognisance was raised about the issue. Now, there are m whatever advocates for cigarettes and many against them, besides does the politics bring on the right to make decisions for the public? Sadly, in the body politic we live in today, there is non a great deal democracy at all. If the disposal wanted cigarettes to be banned, cigarettes would be banned.The political science follows its own ag sacka, disregarding of the general public opinion. The governance will al carriages find a way to put a facade over the law and beg that no rights are being violated. According to the fall in States Constitution, under the post of Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3, better known as the art clause, it accept s, The congress shall suffer power To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the some(prenominal) r end upers, and with the Indian tribes. This states that the federal governing body has the authority to govern and regulate any commerce wi quash the states.Article one in addition states, The congress shall have power provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. So if the government decided to ban cigarettes they could use this Article to struggle that they are looking out for the best of the public. It is under this law that the government is open to place bans on uncontrolled substances as hygienic. So, if the Supreme motor hotel holds power to ban an uncontrolled substance, deal marijuana, unless not cigarettes, it would be inconsistent. If it has the power to ban one, it has the power to ban both, under United States law.both marijuana and cigarettes are considered parts of commerce amongst the states, so the federal government i s able to place bans where they find applicable on both. How native this is is endlessly arguable, and all bans placed on uncontrolled substances have been narrowly constitutional however, it is the law. Cigarettes should not be banned be perplex of the standard of currency the government would draw back from baccy taxes. The government makes a considerable amount of money either twelvemonth from cigarette taxes. Banning cigarettes would also create a be given for the product and cause more trouble than good. excessively, a ban on cigarettes would cause an development in unemployment worldwide. Even with tens of thousands of citizenry becoming un utilise, the likely for black-market cigarette retail, and a proportional loss in taxation for the government, critics argue cigarettes need to be banned. The problem with these critics is that their points of argument are thin at best, and fail to give substantial reasons for banning cigarettes. Most notably, the call option o f non-smokers claiming they have to pay extra taxes for old-aged smokers that have acquired addressly wellness problems. An raise proposal when there are so many studies that suggest the opposite.An name from The Journal of the American Medical Association suggests that in order to have teeming fairness, smokers should be paid between 22 cents and $1. 28 by non-smokers for each herd smoked. This would balance out the societal be and nest egg from the smokers habits (Manning 2611604). So, while statistics say smokers get cancers, heart disease and other conditions that deal costly wangle at a younger age, the same statistics state that smokers die at an earlier age. Therefore, they are not collecting their full potential of pension and social security benefits in their older age.They also do not cause dogged-term geriatric or treat home bills like non-smokers do. Another point to make is that when a non-smoker gets lung cancer it is blamed on genetics, but when a smoker ge ts lung cancer it is assumed it was from smoking. Who is to say that the smokers lung cancer was not genetics as well? It should also be noted that lung cancer is a quick, degenerative form of cancer that kills fast which again, supports the claim that smokers cost less for taxpayers.The American Medical Association was not the only organization making these claims. later in 1993, The U. S.Office of Technology Assessment stated, Reduction or voiding of smoking would improve health and extend longevity, but may not lead to savings in health care costs. In fact, evidentiary reductions in smoking prevalence and the attendant development in lifespan expectancy could lead to future increases in total medical spending, in Medicare program outlays, and in the budgets of the social security (OTA 60). If that is not enough to dispose one, the Congressional Research Service conducted a interchangeable study with similar conclusions in 1994 which was then published in 1997 in the repu table unused England Journal of Medicine.The Congressional Research Service stated, Health care costs for smokers at a given age are as much as 40 percent higher(prenominal) than those for nonsmokers, but in a population in which no one smoked the costs would be 7 percent higher among men and 4 percent higher among women than the costs in the current mixed population of smokers and nonsmokers. If all smokers quit, health care costs would be lower at first, but later on 15 years they would become higher than at present. In the long term, complete smoking cessation would produce a net increase in health care costs (Barendregt et al 337).If you are implicated in learning more about cigarette smokers and their cost to the public, read From Cash Crop to Cash Cow, by W. Kip Viscusi. So smokers end up not costing as much as the public thinks in terms of healthcare, but what are some other reasons cigarettes should not be banned? How about the great(p) chunk of money the government woul d lose from tobacco taxes? This is a very valid point beholding how revenue from tobacco taxes are used by the government as funding for hospitals, schools and other public amenities.Banning cigarettes would directly demand the amount of money the government has for these building costs. This would have a negative meat on the general public, particularly, their wallets. According to the United States treasury, in their fiscal year 2013 budget planning documents, the total federal revenue for tobacco is mentioned at over fifteen billion dollars for 2011. (U. S. Dept. of Treasury 16). With a lack of money coming from tobacco gross sales, the government would have to find another way to get funding for these projects and that would become evident with increases in property, income or alcohol taxes.Banning cigarettes would cause a general disturbance amongst smokers. To be able to smoke freely one day then for it to become illegal the next day would cause a nap of commotion. Harm less wad in society would soon turn to illegal activities, such as smoking a cigarette, and be prosecuted for it. People are addicted to cigarettes, so a ban would not stand in the way of a lot of smokers trying to get what they want. Not only would there be a lot of irritable citizens, there would be a lot of productive and useful citizens being booked for petty crimes like possessing cigarettes.A black-market would ensue the ban and cause more trouble for the government than good. Foreign countries notorious for black-market activity would hop on the bandwagon as soon as they got word of the ban and start selling cigarettes lawlessly to under the table distributors in the United States. In the end, the government would end up spending more money monitoring the illegal sales of cigarettes instead of spending it on more beneficial things to society like finding and prosecuting murderers, kingpins, and organized crime.Overall, it would not be worth it. Loss of jobs inevitably to be accounted for as well. Not just the cigarette industry but also all the workers that contribute to the process of making a pack and selling it to distributors. There are lot employed to make the cardboard-like cigarette boxes, people employed to make the paper that wraps around the cigarettes, people employed that make the designs on the packs, people employed to make the cellophane that wraps the outside of the pack.Also the truck drivers that deliver the cigarettes, and the engineers that keep the machines running in the cigarette factories, and the people who harvest tobacco, and all of the executive positions within all of these companies. The North Carolina segment of Agriculture and Consumer Services stated 662,400 people are employed with tobacco related jobs in the United States alone and worldwide, in the tens of millions (NCDA&CS 2). What people against cigarettes do not realize is how far the ban would reach and affect the livelihoods of a massive amount of people acro ss the globe.Banning cigarettes would cause more problems and be another thing to worry about for the government and the citizens. The government would lose money from its tobacco tax, a black-market for cigarettes would be made, forcing the government to take action, and most importantly tens of millions of employed people would be without a job. It would not make sense to stir up commotion because a few people are concerned about health risks or smokers causing extra taxation for healthcare.As stated before, smokers cost less than non-smokers and a complete cessation of smoking would cause an increase in health care taxes in the long run. For the critics saying how drab smoking is for someones health, they have no authority to separate people how they should live their lives. People have the freedom to choose what they do to their bodies. The general public is able to make their own decisions and the government should not be able to make decisions for the public in regards to wh at they put in to their bodies.Even though constitutional law saws congress has the power to make choices for the welfare of its citizens, it still should not be allowed. What personal freedoms do we have if the government starts telling us we cannot smoke cigarettes? Soon they will be telling us to stop eating so much and quiescency so little. The government will say it is for the better of the people and that they are trying to keep the public healthy, but since when does the government genuinely care about the public?The government runs its own agenda regardless of the public. It is well known that the government is not planning on banning cigarettes anytime soon. Whichever caller is responsible for that decision will lose a very large amount of its support network and neither political party is ordain to take that risk. Plus why take that risk when there is a chance for the government to make more money by increase cigarette taxes? The government just wants money. The governm ent is addicted to cigarette taxes as much as smokers are to cigarettes.

Secured and Unsecured Credit

Credit refers to activities involving the exchange of money, goods or operate with a prognosticate to pay in the future. In effect, faith content enjoying something today and paying for it tomorrow. For impute transactions to take place, twain parties should be involved the computer addressor (the entity or the person who is offering the money, goods, or services on extension), and the debitor (the entity or the person who is availing of the credit accommodation). (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers & Langvardt, 2007)There are two kinds of credit the unfastened credit and the secured credit. In an unsecured credit, the creditor turns over his or her money, goods, or services to the debtor with only the latters promise to pay as a guarantee of perkion, relying heavily on the lordliness and the capacity to pay of the debtor based on factors like fee and other monies due him/her.Examples of unsecured credit devices are credit tease and the bills for utilities like water, power, and te lephone. (Mallor et al., 2007) Unsecured credit presents a high assay to creditors because of the absence seizure of security or verifying. For this reason, creditors are resorting to thorough checks of the debtors credit background to ascertain if he/she is a good credit risk before providing an unsecured credit meaning that the creditor would want to establish whether the debtor has no past record of defaulting on his/her debts. In addition, the creditor charges a higher interest rate on an unsecured credit. (Baker, 2005)In a secured credit, the creditor asks the debtor to put up a property like a manse or a car to serve as security for the credit transaction. In case of default, or the debtor fails to pay his/her debt, the creditor can go against the security. If the security, for instance, is the debtors house, the creditor has the legal right to demand that the house be sold so that he/she can collect what is due him/her. Because the credit is secured, the creditor has a l esser risk. The interest rate on a secured credit is, therefore, comparatively lower than that charged for an unsecured credit. (Mallor et al., 2007)In both cases, the faithfulness protects the rights of creditors. In case a debtor fails to meet his/her obligation on a secured credit, the creditor has a right to have the security or collateral sold so that the amount owed can be collected. In an unsecured loan, the creditor can file a suit of garnishment so that he/she could collect the debtors salary or whatever money he/she receives from other sources. (Mallor et al., 2007) As it stands, the law governing secured and unsecured credit appears ample to safeguard the rights of creditors. It does not need any amendment at the moment.ReferencesBaker, A. (2005). Secured Loans vs. Unsecured Loans Choosing surrounded by the Two DiverseEnds. Retrieved October 22, 2007 fromhttp//ezinearticles.com/?Secured-Loans-vs.-Unsecured-LoansChoosing-Between-the-Two-Diverse-Ends&id=49173Mallor, Bar nes, Bowers & Langvardt. (2007). Business Law The Ethical, Global, andE-Commerce Environment, 13th Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies.

Essay on the Stranger Essay

In the novel the antic by Albert Camus, the protagonist Meursault is characterized as emotionless, uncaring, and indifferent, though he is truly an understanding, perceptive man who is pleased with a simple, modest livelihood. His lack of emotion towards the witless and superficial, along with his lack of judgment for other peoples choices do not make him indifferent they in fact show how he demonstrates Albert Camus philosophy of preposterousism. It is through the characterization of Meursault that the greater theme of Absurdism and the absurdity of lifetime argon conveyed.Meursault is often seen as cold and impassive towards others. He is actually characterized in this detached way to personify and embody Camus philosophy, and his rejection of the established and predictable. maven day when Meursault is spending the day with Marie, she asks him if he would marry her and he says it didnt make any difference and that they could if she wanted to (41). Most view spousal relat ionship as an important occasion with many consequences and a life metre commitment.Meursaults reaction to Maries question is h onest and straight forward, and his nonchalance serves to subvert the importance of institutionalized principles. Later, Marie wonders to herself if she loves him, and Meursault says that there is no way he could know that (42), as it is not possible for Meursault to know what others feel. This implies that a persons emotions are determined by the individual, and demonstrates the Absurdist thought that no two people place have the exact same emotions and doctrines, and therefore there can be no overlap meat concerning an emotion.When speaking with his lawyer, Meursault is asked how he felt close to his sustains death, and he says that he would rather Maman hadnt died (65), which shocks his lawyer. Meursault could be perceived as cold and indifferent for not expressing more emotion towards his mothers death, but he is simply expressing the absurdist b elief that one can have many different emotions and that having a mold or standard for a way a person should feel during a specific situation is absurd.Meursault is simply conveying that emotions he felt for his mother such as love are too intangible to define. Camus portrays Meursault as being truly non-judgmental and blase towards other characters actions. This is not because Meursault is emotionless or apathetic, but because it conveys Camus belief in personal meaning instead of shared meaning imposed by society. Raymond asks Meursault if hed mind authorship him a letter right then And he said no (32), eve though the letter would eventually hurt Raymonds ex girl adorer.Meursault agrees, not because he is rude or uncaring, but because he is just doing his friend a favor, and because he doesnt judge others based on a standard set of morals. Before Meursault is scheduled to be executed, the Chaplain attempts for the second time to convince Meursault to embrace Christianity like o thers before him so that he may be saved. Meursault acknowledges that that was their right (117), but does not agree because he is playacting in the Absurdist mindset that judging others based on your own principles is wrong.Meursault goes on to try to convince the Chaplain that a persons value is not measured by society, for one person could see him as very bad, where as another views him as very good. Meursaults nature and tycoon to understand that it is up to the individual to build their own beliefs and values demonstrates the Absurdist belief that every person has the right to assign personal meaning to a part of their life, rather than take from the meaning imposed on their life by society.Camus defines Absurdism as the confrontation between mans lust for significance, meaning and clarity on the one hand and the silent, cold world on the other. Meursault, who is capable of embracing the universes silence, particularly when facing his own death is what makes him the Absu rd hero, and ultimately humanize the Absurd philosophy. Camus uses the character of Meursault to convey the message that it is up to the individual to assign meaning to their life through embracing reality, and to avoid becoming trapped by societal ideals and the shared meaning imposed by humanity. One should not allow fear to limit them.

Extensive Reading for Efl Learners: a Library Research Essay

Abstract roughly of EFL carryers do non like teaching and they rargonly consume. It is because roughly factors much(prenominal) as backbreaking variation material, uninteresting material and low indigence to direct. However, practice skill is important skill to improve learners ability in accomplishment a language. From narration, the learners string out shake much exposure to the language. therefore, the teachers should assign a good interlingual rendition set out for the learners to athletic supporter them in knowledge. blanket(a) take ining is one approach which gives the learners an opportunity to get contact with the bearing language. extended instruction will motivate learners to read and similarly learn English. Therefore, it will as well as enhance the learners language and improve the learners language improvement.Key lyric poem EFL, broad recital, learner.Introduction class period is one of basic skills which is learnt in English as Foreign Language (EFL) besides listening, writing and speaking. rendering will form learners success in the training move. Without having a good indicant ability, learners will rent problems in getting any training from reading starts such(prenominal) as countersign, newspaper, or journal. As stated by Richard Anderson and the Commission on study reading as the process of constructing message from written schoolbooks. Reading is one way to get information from the source that was written. However, reading is non an easy skill to be learnt. There are round factors that twine the result of the reading activity such as the type of reading, environment, and reading material. In most EFL classes, the focus of the reading skill is on the view of diction and grammar, which is known as intensive reading. That kind of language lesson is non reading at all (Alderson and Urquhart, 1984 Robb and Susser, 1989 in Sheu, 2003).Moreover, the reading itself should be to a greater extent( prenominal) than than studying the vocabulary and the grammar. The most important of reading is to understand the information in the text, in the other explicates the focus of the reading is in the reading comprehension. It makes the learners have little cartridge clip for reading practice in their learning process. As the result, they are maintaining their ability which stub help them to read all-encompassingly and understand the content of the text latter. Some look intoers have introduced some approaches which gage help the learners to develop their reading comprehension. One of the approaches is capacious reading. elongated reading is contrasted with the intensive reading which is slow reading and careful reading which will take much time. According to Sheu (2003) an prolonged reading (ER) approach appears to be most appropriate option for improving learners language proficiency and reading ability. This kind of reading approach plunder help the learners to maintain th eir reading skill and reading ability, because they do non conduct to know the meaning of every word in the text. It concerns more in the context meaning which help the learners to reduce the time spent for reading. This term will show some reasons why the teacher should use blanket(a) reading (ER) in teaching EFL.Definition of huge readingExtensive reading is an approach to language learning, including foreign language learning, by the operator of a heavy(p) substance of reading. The learners view and review of unknown words in specific context will allow them to infer the words meaning, and thus to learn unknown words (Wikipedia.org). Extensive reading is a kind of reading that ask the learners to read large mensuration of books which are relative easy and understandable for the learners. It as well means reading for pleasure, because the learner read what they want to read or their favourite books. The bring forth of this approach is to develop the learners reading int erest and to give them more opportunities to get a large contact with the foreign language in read to master it. Extensive reading will help the learners to understand the meaning of a text or to get the information in the text as quickly as possible.Moreover, reading is one way to get a large contact with the foreign language. However, the learners have limited time in the class to get large amount of reading practice. Therefore, they contract to have their own reading practice outside the class. The reading source should be understandable and also should fit with their current direct of language comprehension. Therefore, in this approach, the learners are given a freedom to choose and read their favourite books or anything that they want to read. As stated by Nancy (2000) by reading many books that fit in with their language level and also understandable for them, there will be some changes occur in the learner, such as a.Learners become able to visually and mentally process wr itten English in a smoother, more natural way, selectably than in a halting process of translating.Because the contributors progress smoothly and comprehendingly done short and easy books, they are able to understand the overall fertilize of stories and organization of nonfiction texts. b.The foundation of English vocabulary and grammar become relegate established and remembered by being processed in the mind loads or hundreds of times in natural, comprehensible contexts. c.Many of the variations of last frequency vocabulary and grammar elements that are excessively numerous to learn explicitly, can be well-educated incidentally by reading texts composed exclusively of this high frequency lexical and grammatical core. d.Learners feel satisfied and enjoy a hotshot of accomplishment from reading many books on their own. This increases their confidence and autonomy. e.Learners who have experience successful English reading on their own are more appropriate to develop a read ing habit. They are more seeming to read outside of their courses and after their formal education ends.The characteristics of Extensive Reading1.Reading MaterialIn this reading approach, the teacher need to provide the learners with large amount of books which are appropriate with the language level of the learners and also the books which the students whitethorn interested in. It will be better if the books are kept in the classroom because it will give the learners an opportunity to read in their blank time and also give them the opportunity to usurp the book. It will also help the teacher to direct the learners to read. 2.Students choiceIn extensive reading approach, the learners are given freedom to choose the books that they want to read ground on their interest. If the learners find difficulties in reading that books, they can return the book and choose other books.3.Reading for pleasure and informationUsually learners do not like to read. They feel frustrated to understa nd the reading text which is too far from their language level, because they are asked to understand the whole words in that text. It will make them do not want to try to read. In the extensive reading, the learners are asked to understand the text without forcing them to understand every adept word in the text. This approach will maintain the learners interest in reading.4.Extensive reading out of classIn extensive reading, the teacher can persuade the learners to read a lot even outside the classroom. As stated before, when the books are kept in the classroom, it will encourage the learners to borrow books and take it home, it will help to maintain learners reading ability.5.Language levelThe level of vocabulary and grammar in the books that the learners read should not pose difficulty. It is because the purpose of the extensive reading approach is motivating the learner to read and also encouraging the learners reading fluency. However, the books should not too easy, because it will have the learners feeling that they get nothing from reading that kind of books.6.Use of dictionaryReading becomes a boring activity for the learners because they need to stop their reading to discover up every word that they do not understand in the dictionary. Therefore, the use of the dictionary in this kind of reading should be avoided when their reading flow. They can write or take note for some difficult words and can look them up after they have immaculate their reading.7.The teacher role in Extensive ReadingIn the extensive reading, the teachers roles are to encourage, to motivate, and to help the learners with their reading. The teachers can involve their individual counseling in the learning process. This situation gives the teachers an opportunity to ask learners reading experiences and also ask learners problems in reading during or after class time by impedimenting and commenting on written summaries that learners do of their reading (Susser and Robb, 1989). By making summaries, the learners are given opportunities to demonstrate what they get from reading and allow the teacher to check their understanding to the texts or books that they have read. The teachers role is also as a model for the learners. When the teachers are also seen to be a reader by the learners, it will encourage them to read. The teachers can talk in class astir(predicate) the books that they have been read. If the teachers are knowledgeable about the books in the class depository library and having them read, they can give recommendations to learners about what to read. The teachers can also read aloud to the learners, as a way of introducing students to different genres or individual books.Benefits of apply Extensive reading technique for EFL studentsMany researchers have been held some research to know the benefit of using Extensive reading technique (ER) and also to demonstrate the effectiveness of ER to support the development of language science for the lear ners. First, extensive reading can improve learners motive in learning English. One characteristic of extensive reading is that the learners can choose books or articles in which they are interested because learners have their right to choose books or articles that they like to read. According to some result of experiment by Shang, Briody and Lin (2006), the learners prefer reading articles or books which they are interested in, rather than reading textbooks. Therefore, learners have more motivation to read English materials. Second, extensive reading can enhance learners vocabulary. In the process of extensive reading, the learners can read some words which show up frequently in the articles or books.When the learners read more and more, they will become familiar with the words that they usually read. They can understand those words and memorize them easier. In addition, learners have greater motivation to learn some special or interesting words done reading. Consequently, extens ive reading can enhance learners vocabulary, these findings fit into the literature (Lai, 1993). Third, extensive reading can improve learners reading comprehension. Learners can comprehend more extensive vocabularies, build their reading ability, and access to background information through and through extensive reading. When learners read more, their vocabularies could be developed.Once the learners ability in vocabulary has been developed, it will be easier for them to get and understand the main idea from articles and other texts. Fourth, extensive reading can improve learners overall language proficiency. It does not only improve their reading skills but also improve learners skills in listening and also speaking as reported by Cho and Krashen (1994). create verbally skill is also impacted by reading extensively as reported by Elley and Mangubhi, (1981) and Janopoulos, (1986). The most important thing is that extensive reading will make the learners become better readers. Rese arch in languages learning shows that learners learn to read by reading. It means that the more they read, the better reader they become.ConclusionExtensive reading is an approach which give the learners high amount of reading chance. It is a good technique which can give the learners high contact with the target language which can help them to master the language. There are some benefits of using extensive reading for EFL learner such as improving learners motivation in learning English, enhancing learners vocabulary, improving reading comprehension, and also improving language proficiency (speaking, listening, writing and reading skill).ReferencesAlyousef, Hesham Suleiman. (2005). breeding reading comprehension to ESL/EFL learners. Retrieved from www.readingmatrix.com/articles//article.pdf. Bell, Timothy. (1998). Extensive reading why? and how?. Retrieved from http//iteslj.org/articles/bell-reading.html Hafiz, F.M., &Tudor, I (1989). Extensive reading and the development of langu age skills. English language teaching Journal, 43, (pp 4-13) Lan, Yu-Ju., Sung, You-Ting., & Chang, Kuo-En (2006) collaborative early reading EFL reading among distributed learners a simulation pilot study. The JALT birdsong Journal, 2006, vol.2, No.2, pp3-18. Maley, Alan. (2009). Extensive reading why it is good for our students and for us. Retrieved from http//www.teachingenglish.org.uk/articles/extensive-reading-why-it-good-our-studentss-us Mason, B., & Krashen, S. D. (1997). Extensive reading in English as a foreign language. System, 25, 91-102. Retrieved from http//www.benikomason.net//extensive_reading2.pdf Richard, R.D. The benefits of extensive reading (ER). Retrieved from www.oup-bookworms.com/reading/er_article. Shang, Hui-Fang., Briody, Paul., Lin, Chia-Yun. (2006) The effect of extensive reading strategies on

Cell Phone Usage While Driving

Cell Phone Usage While parkway The motorcarrellular forebode has brought m whatsoever services and many different ship cigargontal of communicating. It has definitely made communication so more than easier. However, when it comes to road safety, the cadreular visit may be considered a risk especi anyy when text edition messages and c in wholes atomic number 18 received. On January 11, 2009 I got in a serious hazard beca using up of using the cellular think duration I was drive. I was ride to my friends ho drop and I just received a text message.I was hotheaded 45 mph in 35 mph zone and texting the same epoch. As soon as I looked up I passed a determine sign and collided to the car that was in depend of me. My car was damaged and my insurance went up. Ever since the introduction of text messages, social club has grown awargon of the dangerous of texting composition ride. Even though all mickle understand how it affects their life and the other peoples life, they lighten use their cellular earphone.I was reading the Gazette intelligence agencypaper the other twenty- tetrad hours and according to the national r out(a)e traffic administration, 16% of all portentous crashes in 2008 were caused by number one wood distraction. One of the most obvious things that demote when a driver is texting date driving is that the driver would avert his eye form the road for around five seconds. This is much than enough cartridge clip for a mortal to run in front of the vehicle or for the vehicle in front of you to make a sudden s reach or to miss seeing the light transplant.The Washington Post news paper edition of June12, 2010 talks most a study that was make by University of Utah psychologists using a driving simulator under four different conditions with no distractions, using a pass alongheld cell phone, lecture on a hands-free cell phone, and tour intoxicated to the 0. 08 percent blood-alcohol level, 40 participants followed a si mulated pace car that braked intermittently. Researchers found that the drivers on cell phones drove more slowly, braked more slowly and were more potential to crash. In fact, the three participants who collided into the pace car were chatting away.None of the drunken drivers crashed. Now laws fill been apply to pr unconstipatedt accidents from happening on roadways. States such as California, Connecticut, crude York, New Jersey and Washington D. C. have passed laws that prohibit the use of hand held cell phones turn driving. Maryland becomes the seven states to pass the cell phone use bit driving. A 2003 Harvard study estimated that cell phone distractions caused 2,600 traffic deaths all division, and 330,000 accidents that result in moderate or severe injuries but Americans have largely ignored that research.Instead, they increasingly use phones, navigation gimmicks and even laptops to influence their cars into mobile hitices, chat rooms and entertainment centers, making roadstead more dangerous to other drivers. District of Columbia require drivers who talk on cell phones to use hands-free kinks, but research shows that using headsets can be as dangerous as holding a phone because the intercourse distracts drivers from focusing on the road. Older drivers were slightly less correspondingly to formulate into accidents than unripeneder drivers they tend to have a great following distance.Their reactions ar impaired, but they atomic number 18 driving so careful they were less likely to smash into somebody. Also new drives are especially on the top list to have an accident when they use a cell phone plot of ground driving. The reasoning for this is that new drivers have less experience in focusing on driving during distractions. Also teen drivers rate text messages while driving. Since text messaging involves the hands and the eyes, this is thought to be more distracting and dangerous than when drivers use a cell phone while driving only for speaking and listening.Now days most of the new cars has phones that is already built in the car and using that is would be dangerous as pick up the phone and dialing. Overall, if drivers feel they can non use a handless device or if they are easily distracted on the road by their conversation, then they should non be driving, because they are a danger to others on the road. Also if they need to talk or text they should pull up to the side and finish their business before they get back to the road and driving.Cell Phone Usage While DrivingIts an even greater challenge if I dont have my eating glasses on I never wear them while driving. It takes two hands to type. My 20-something children can do it one handed, rarely looking at the keyboard. The light changes. Im almost finished. Hurry, Hurry, I tell my self, pulling into the intersection while pressing send. Boone. L. (2009, terrible 10). Cell phone usage while driving should be illegalize all in the US do to all hazards it c reates on a daily basis on US roads.As a passe-partout driver (truck driver) he sees it everyday, drivers with a cell phone in hand exam while driving, or on the phone talking to someone, completely unsuspecting of their surroundings, swerving, slowing down, ten, twenty, and even thirty miles an hour from the posted despatch limit, not thinking for one second the dangerous slur that they are position themselves and others in.He doesnt understand how can drivers despite of all the advertising campaigns on television, radio, billboards, newspapers, and magazines, drivers suave go a head and use that cell phone while driving. But one of the worst thing he sees on a daily basis, is the people that are supposed to be enforcing this laws (the cops) are the graduation exercise to be breaking them. Just every cop he sees driving on the road is talking on the cell phone. Wright, like they place lead by typeface.Just the other day while driving on the highway as he was approaching a n off act, he looks to the right and see a car with a young woman driving and a baby in the rear seat, she is on the phone, not looking to the left for one second to check the on approach shot traffic, and Just as she is at the point were the off ramp meets the highways, she takes a look to the left, and realizes that she has no room to go in to the highway and has to ability her self to the shoulder and into the rays, almost crashing into the trees.How can she be so inattentive? What kind of person puts a baby and them self in that situation? Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. ) A report by The National Highway barter caoutchouc Administration states that driving while using the cell phone probably is hazardous, but wouldnt speculate how great the risk was, nor what other mitigating factors qualification be involve. Now the numbers are staggering, Schroeder, P. , Meyers, M. & Stinkbug, L. 2013, April) the statistics for 2011 on cell phone and driving say its estimated that at least 23% of all car accidents ACH year involves cell phone use thats 1. 3 one million million crashes, 3,331 people were killed and 387,00 were injured, and in 2012, 24% of all car accidents each year involves cell phone use, 3,328 people were killed, and 421,00 were injured. With this type of statistics, and as we can see, on the rise up every year, what are the law makers or the government time lag for, to build a ban on cell phone use while driving.States have declared bans on cell phone use while driving, for example Excerpt by Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. ) in Arizona, a person shall not snuff it a motor vehicle on a Agway while using a cellular telephone, a computer, headphones or earphones, excluding hearing acquired immune deficiency syndrome or other devices for improving the hearing of the person, and any other electronic device not installed by the manufacturer an that is not essential to the transaction of a motor vehicle.In Colorado, mobile communications device means a cellular phone, citizens band radio, or other device that enables a person in a motor vehicle to transmit and receive sound signals No person shall use mobile communication device while operating(a) a motor vehicle unless the device is pacifically designated to leave behind hands-free operation. homogeneous the states mention above, in 2000 there were seven more states, that propose bans on cell phones while driving and nothing has come out of this proposals.From the year 2000 to present, the numbers on this surveys and studies that are been conducted by this government entities and snobbish companies are still on the rise, and drivers dont seem to want to change their habits while driving, and all the debates between state legislators dont seem to be getting them no were, and at least for the moment dont for see any hangs in the laws any time soon. What can we, as responsible adults, and drivers do to help play down this hazards that are been created by irresponsible drivers everyday.How can we get this so called legislators, to change their minds and lastly approve bans that we so desperately need to make our roads much safer than what they are now. Have we not seen enough? How many friends, family members, families, and children, or love ones need to be killed or affected, before someone does something about this polish off minded killer.Cell Phone Usage While DrivingIts an even greater challenge if I dont have my eating glasses on I never wear them while driving. It takes two hands to type. My 20-something children can do it one handed, rarely looking at the keyboard. The light changes. Im almost finished. Hurry, Hurry, I tell my self, pulling into the intersection while pressing send. Boone. L. (2009, August 10). Cell phone usage while driving should be banned completely in the US do to all hazards it creates on a daily basis on US roads.As a professional driver (truck driver) he sees it everyday, drivers with a cell phone in hand testing while dr iving, or on the phone talking to someone, completely unaware of their surroundings, swerving, slowing down, ten, twenty, and even thirty miles an hour from the posted speed limit, not thinking for one second the dangerous situation that they are putting themselves and others in.He doesnt understand how can drivers despite of all the advertising campaigns on television, radio, billboards, newspapers, and magazines, drivers still go a head and use that cell phone while driving. But one of the worst thing he sees on a daily basis, is the people that are supposed to be enforcing this laws (the cops) are the first to be breaking them. Just every cop he sees driving on the road is talking on the cell phone. Wright, like they say lead by example.Just the other day while driving on the highway as he was approaching an off ramp, he looks to the right and see a car with a young woman driving and a baby in the rear seat, she is on the phone, not looking to the left for one second to check the on coming traffic, and Just as she is at the point were the off ramp meets the highways, she takes a look to the left, and realizes that she has no room to go in to the highway and has to force her self to the shoulder and into the rays, almost crashing into the trees.How can she be so careless? What kind of person puts a baby and them self in that situation? Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. ) A report by The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that driving while using the cell phone probably is hazardous, but wouldnt speculate how great the risk was, nor what other mitigating factors might be involve. Now the numbers are staggering, Schroeder, P. , Meyers, M. & Stinkbug, L. 2013, April) the statistics for 2011 on cell phone and driving say its estimated that at least 23% of all car accidents ACH year involves cell phone use thats 1. 3 million crashes, 3,331 people were killed and 387,00 were injured, and in 2012, 24% of all car accidents each year involves cell phone u se, 3,328 people were killed, and 421,00 were injured. With this type of statistics, and as we can see, on the rise every year, what are the law makers or the government waiting for, to establish a ban on cell phone use while driving.States have proposed bans on cell phone use while driving, for example Excerpt by Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. ) in Arizona, a person shall not operate a motor vehicle on a Agway while using a cellular telephone, a computer, headphones or earphones, excluding hearing aids or other devices for improving the hearing of the person, and any other electronic device not installed by the manufacturer an that is not essential to the operation of a motor vehicle.In Colorado, mobile communications device means a cellular phone, citizens band radio, or other device that enables a person in a motor vehicle to transmit and receive audio signals No person shall use mobile communication device while operating a motor vehicle unless the device is pacifically designated to allow hands-free operation. Like the states mention above, in 2000 there were seven more states, that propose bans on cell phones while driving and nothing has come out of this proposals.From the year 2000 to present, the numbers on this surveys and studies that are been conducted by this government entities and private companies are still on the rise, and drivers dont seem to want to change their habits while driving, and all the debates between state legislators dont seem to be getting them no were, and at least for the moment dont for see any hangs in the laws any time soon. What can we, as responsible adults, and drivers do to help minimize this hazards that are been created by irresponsible drivers everyday.How can we get this so called legislators, to change their minds and finally approve bans that we so desperately need to make our roads much safer than what they are now. Have we not seen enough? How many friends, family members, families, and children, or loved ones need t o be killed or affected, before someone does something about this absent minded killer.

Huckleberry Finn Best Intentions

Best Intentions? Can peoples best intentions be favorable enough for you? Is right for people to try to chose your path for you? In the novel, The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, the main character huckaback goes done a unyielding journey, using his experience to mature and grow as a person. huck travels with the African American former slave Jim all over the disseminated multiple sclerosis river in hope to get to a anti-slavery state, barely they go done a lot of problems heading the molest way and deeper into the s byhern states.Throughout the novel, The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, in that respect are characters who have the best intention to supporter huckaback save it is not the best issue for him. The widow tries to sivilize huck, the bare-ass judge tries to ameliorate breasts moral condition to purify him for Huck, and the Phelps family tells Huck to do the right thing and return Jim to his leters. in that respect are characters who have th e best intentions for Huck that they are not the best thing for him. The widow wants to sivilize Huck, and she wants to teach him dexterity under a very religious view. Huck says, The widow one shot a bell for super, and you had to come to time.When you got to the table you couldnt go right to eating, further you had to wait for the widow to tuck her head and grumble a curt over the victuals, though at that place warnt really anything the matter with them (p. 1-2). The widow makes Huck come on time to eat supper and he has to wait afterwards she says grace for the food they are about to eat. The widow tries to make Huck permit go of bad habits, so he can exit into civilization. Huck says, Pretty soon I precious to smoke, and asked the widow to let me. and she wouldnt. She tell it was a mean practice and wasnt clean, and I moldiness try to not do it anymore (p. 2).The widow tells Huck that he shouldnt smoke anymore because its a bad thing. The widow tries to sivilize Huck in a religious way and also by telling what is wrong and right. There are characters in the novel who have straightforward intentions to help Huck but it isnt the best thing for him. The new judge in town tries to fix Paps moral condition so he could be a better father to Huck. Huck says, the new judge said he was going to make a man of him. So he took him to his own reside, and dressed him up clean and nice, and had him to breakfast and dinner and supper with the family, and was upright old pie to him, so to speak (p. 6). The new judge didnt know who Pap was at first and he decided to take him in, in ramble to make him a better man and to be ok with himself so he can be a better father to Huck. But that back fired on the judge, Pap just ended up back in the street and drinking once over again. Huck says, they inclose the old man into a beautiful room, which was the spare room, and in the night sometime he got powerful thirsty and clumb out into the porch-roof and slid down a stanchion and a good old time and towards daylight he crawled out again, drunk as a fiddler (p. 7). Pap sneaked out of the house just to go get drunk and would sneak back in. The new judge wanted to change Paps moral ways and he wanted Pap to alter in order to be a better person and a better father, but it did not work out. There are characters who try to do the best things for Huck but they neer really are what he needs. aunty Sally keeps Jim away from Huck. auntie Sally says, the runaway nigger theyve got him back, safe and sound, and hes in that cabin again, on bread and water, and loaded down with chains, till he is claimed or exchange (p. 217). Huck tries to steal Jim back from Aunt Sally but she captures him again and keeps him. Aunt Sally wants to adopt Huck in order to sivilize him. Huck says, I reckon I got to light out for the Territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally shes going to adopt me and sivilze me and I cant stand it. I been there before (p. 220). Huck doesnt want to be civilized, he went through a lot and experienced that civilization is just not good for him, so he cant stand it.Huck is kept away from Jim when Jim is captured by Aunt Sally which makes it difficult for Huck to be on his own and Huck doesnt want to get adopted by Aunt Sally. Throughout the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, there are characters who have the best intention to help Huck but it is not the best thing for him. The widow tries to sivilize Huck, the new judge tries to improve Paps moral condition to better him for Huck, and Aunt Sally keeps Jim away from Huck and she wants to adopt Huck. But none of those characters intentions helped or worked for Huck. It was up to Huck to chose his own path.

History And Effects Of Pesticide Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Pesticides have been known to be for 1000s of old ages. Sulfur combustion was a method used in ancient Sumer both bit acceptable as ancient capital of Italy for cleanup position insects the Romans were besides known to utilize salt to kill mourning band ( Wikipedia,2010 ) . In the 1400s, lead, quicksilver and arsenic were efficaciously used for this intent. Similarly, in 1600s, the think over of emmets was tackled by the impost of a mixture of honey and arsenic. In the by and by of fr spellion of the 1800s, US husbandmans used assorted arsenites every bit trade good as baccy derived functions to command plagues. The greatest enlargement in the pesticides was seen later on World War II. Chemicals homogeneous DDT, aldrin, diedrin and 2,4 Calciferol came into practice due to their humiliated cost and high grade of efficaciousness ( Delaplane, 1996 ) . DDT took the bar as pass overing out major part of vectors responsible for typhus and malaria. Although existence in bein g since the latter half of nineteenth century, its true authority was understood in 1939. It was so successful that the discoverer Paul M & A uuml llen was awarded Nobel award in 1948 for his accomplishment. It was non until 1962 when the land interrupting book of Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, do a connexion between environment pollution, major wellness jeopardies and DDT. Carson ( 1962 ) argued that the chemicals like DDT are non merely toxic to the insects but to the birds and fish every bit good. It was proposed that this was because of a direct mechanism every bit good as an indirect mechanism.Pesticides use in US and EU after(prenominal) a prohibition on DDT s usage in the US, the enthusiasm was shifted to production of newer compounds which were condomr and better than the conventional 1s and methods of harvest production that disapprove plagues. Integrated pest direction ( IPM ) was introduced like a mul careenronged scheme to shorten on newer harvest production methods , increased growing of pest-specific marauders and timing of pesticide nebuliser so that maximal harm to the plagues could be incurred finally increasing the yield ( Delaplane, 1996 ) . It is interesting to observe that the pesticide ingestion has increased dramatically over the last(a) 50 old ages. As opposed to 2kg/ha in 2004, in 1961, it was merely 0.49kg/ha. In one estimation, France and US spray 35 % and 20 % of their entire surface country severally every twelvemonth ( Goodplanet.info, 2010 ) . In malice of holding really powerful newer agents, the contrives keep on lifting. europium represents about one three of the universe pesticide market tidy sum standing(a) at 30 billion dollars a twelvemonth. North America and Asia personify a one-fourth each. US is the taking consumer of the pesticide industry with a figure of 2.5kg/ha. Europe consumes 3kg /ha, piece of music India is at merely 0.5kg/ha. In a field of view by PAN Europe ( 2007 ) , it was stated that the pestic ide ingestion was on the test despite newer agents that act at a lower dosage. This shows that the pest go is still interdependent on the usage of these merchandises.Pesticides use in linked kingdomIt has to be mentioned that in UK the pesticides usage is controlled by the ( CRD ) .The board of directors controls chemicals usage where listed under REACH mandate law which consist a portion of Europe s statute law where came in force in June of 2007and is responsible for the chemicals rating, enrollment, limitation and mandate such as guaranting that the companies produce and at the same clip conveyance chemicals under a responsible and safe look. Furthermore it ensures that the people give a high attending for the certificate of the environment by any possible chemical s effects. The CRD is the pass responsible for pesticides usage limitation in UK.Pesticides and their applicationThe large interrogatory is why they are used ? ? Harmonizing to a study, about one tierce of the agribusiness production is destroyed with the brunt faced by developing states because of plagues. This amounts to a humongous 300 billion dollar one-year losingss with an mean sidetrack loss runing from 30 to 40 % ( Plucknett and Kagbo, 2010 ) . So to be faced that problem at that place has been appeared particularly the last decennaries a expand usage of pesticides in agricultural industry. Pesticides are used to disrupt discharges of snails, animate beings, bullets and snails while at the same clip for the protection of public wellness killing animate beings like mosquitoes, mice and rats. More than 1600 fictitious characters of different pesticides are listed in the aggregation of Pesticide Common Names. These are classified harmonizing to their country of action such as Herbicides, Insecticides and Nematicides. Other major classs include Acaricides, Antimicrobials, At parcel of landants, Avicides, Fungicide, Molluscicides, Pred cuttinges, and Rodenticides ( Wood, 2010 ) . The WHO Recommended mixture of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2009, divides these chemical compounds into Class Ia compounds, which are highly unsafe, Class Ib as super unsafe, Class II as reasonably unsafe, Class III as somewhat unsafe and Class U as improbable to be acutely unsafe based on LD50 for the mice.Mode of pesticides actionAn of import accompaniment worth adverting is that since there are a immense assortment of merchandises procurable for different types of plagues, likewise there is besides a enormous disagreement in the mechanism of action of these pesticides. One chemical may resettlement at one or more critical jail cellular tract of the plague. Harmonizing to Hayes Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology ( 2010, pp. 106 117 ) , this can be explained for a class of a chemical. Insecticides, Nematicides and Acaricides act as Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors or agonists. Some of them besides block glutamate gated chloride convey and mit ochondrial composites. A assortment of them are ryanodine receptor modulators. Pyrethrum derived functions such as pyrethrins and pyrethroids that act on Na channels are speedy in action. Rodenticides may either organize an acute toxin such as phosphine in the tummy of the gnawer or cause hypercalcaemia. Examples include zinc phosphide and bromethalin. warfarin may exercise an anti-coagulant consequence, therefore the animate being to spontaneously draw blood boulder clay it dies. Herbicides mark works specific mechanisms. They act on photosystems thereby interrupting the respiration of the weed. They besides block amino acid and fatty acerb synthesis and can besides do cell membrane break. Molluscicides disrupt cellular respiration of snails and bullets. Phasmohabditis hermaphrodita a infective roundworm, is a biological molluscicide.Behaviour and destiny of pesticidesPesticides, when applied are either adsorbed, may be transferred to some other location or degraded into non-act ive constituents depending on the type of pesticide. Adsorption is a procedure by which these chemicals straight bind to the ground atoms. Transportation is the phenomenon by which these compounds are dispersed off from the application site. Harmonizing to Nebguide ( 1993 ) , sousing up, harvest remotion, leaching, spray impetus and run off. Micro-organisms and workss uptake these compounds by alcoholic up. Mechanisms like volatilization and run off are of import as they get by the pesticides to other location to eliminate the plagues but this is non ever the instance as it is besides one of the grounds of environmental pollution. Similarly, spray impetus causes these chemicals to be dispersed to other location at the clip of application. Leaching is dependent on the water-solubility of the pesticide and can either be downwards, upwards or sideways. degradation takes topographic point either by, microbic action, Sun visible radiotherapy or photodegradation or by a chemical reac tion ( Nebguide,1993 ) .Pesticides in surface and land WaterssIn a survey by McBride ( 1989 ) , it has been postulated that water system s taint hazard is discouragemined by features of the pesticide used, the features of discoloration and the urine volume A chemical with high piddle solubility, low dirt surface assimilation, high continuity applied on a unwashed and low organic affair dirt with shallow land H2O and frequent irrigations has a high hazard of polluting H2O beginning. In an hold by PAN Europe ( 2010 ) , Belgium, France, Netherlands and UK have highest pesticide taint in low-lying river countries the one-year cost in cleaning up the H2O preference is around 170 million euros in UK yearly with a portion of this load go throughing on to the consumer.Practical solutions for pesticide pollutionSeveral techniques can be used to play down the pesticide pollution. Integrated pest direction ( IPM ) is an first-class manner to get down with. It involves a holistic att ack of choosing immune works species, cultivation and reconnoitering to minimise the chemical use. There should be restate cheques on the harvests to mensurate the pest population before a pesticide onslaught could be ensued. Crop rotary motion methods should be employed to deter the harmful beings. Educational plans should be encouraged so that all the persons entangled in the procedure know precisely what they are making. This can be done by strong media runs backed by pertinent statute law. Research into biological and other non-chemical pesticides should be sought for. Pesticide choice should be appropriate and after usage disposal harmonizing to recommended manner. Tanks and reservoirs should neer be fill with pesticides while being close to a H2O reservoir to suspend taint. Preferably, a H2O beginning should be covered to forestall pollution. little conditions prognosis should be taken into history before spraying to minimise run off and spray impetus. The equipment used s hould be in tip top form so that there are no leaks and droplet size of it is appropriate.

Iphone 5C price decision Essay

The fist factor that main(prenominal) in the pricing decision of iPhone 5C is by get a lineing cost. For instance, since orchard apple tree Inc. wants to maximize its kale through establishing sensitive products, the harm should be set at the leg where marginal revenue equals to marginal cost. We do that iPhone 5C is in the perfectly combative market, the company go off reach its maximum profit at vestibular sense at X* and P*. To determine the outlay, apple Inc. needs to do the marginal analysis.According to profits () equals to core revenues (TR) minus total cost (TC), which is =(P*X)-(fixed cost+variable costs per unit *X), X is the number of units sell by Apple Inc. Of course, bus needs to ask several departments and contractors to get by the cost of their product and services. From on line of reasoning websites, I get to know that producing a 16Gbyte iPhone, total BOM and Manufacturing Cost is about $173.45, for a 32Gbyte iPhone 5C is approximately $182.85(which a ccounts notwithstanding for hardware and manufacturing costs and does not include early(a) expenses such(prenominal) as software, licensing, royalties or other expenditure)(Andrew, 2013).The manager hind end differentiating the fixed costs and variable costs found on cost behavior, and plug those numbers into the equality and get an equation between and X. then differentiate the equation and set it to zero, the manager can get the number of units when profit maximizing. Finally, plug X into assuming involve function, the manager can get the damage and manage a decision. But, in the real world, it is not easy to implement the marginal analysis method.So, managers unremarkably try to combine cost-based approaches and market-based approach to addle a profit substantive approach, for example full cost-plus target profits, variable costs-plus percentage markup can both assess to pricing decision. However, the common and basic factor for the methods is costs.The s bundle fact or that important in the pricing decision of iPhone 5C is product line and competitors. Strategy analysis is the company needs to consider about the Competitors as well as the whole industry, and then assess to firms plan. We can figure out that the competitions in the smartphone market are kinda intense, there are numerous competitors and are almost equal size, such as Samsung, Microsoft. So, Apple Inc. has to investigate the cost leadership and the unique producers in order to make a competitive price in the smartphone market.The website take the example of Moto X, which has 18 kinds of colors and the functions are sincerely similar to iPhone 5C (Darren, 2013). The price of Moto X is $599, so the manager should decide a ruggeder price than it to gain a competitive advantage. In particular, the competition is not equitable from the external market, we know that Apple Inc. promoted iPhone 5C as well as iPhone 5S at the same time. To iPhone 5C, the manager needs to consider about the bendable case, which is $42 less than the metal case cost of iPhone5S (Ben, 2013). So manager should alike compare the 5Cs price to 5S. It is an important thing to keep unknown of the products price before they coming out.The manager of Apple Inc. can survey the expected price of the public, or conduct any(prenominal) historical sample tests before making the final price decision. The three factor that important in the pricing decision of iPhone 5C is the manager should foretell the pick up. Assume that we are suffering a financial crisis, most state dont have extra money to pay for new electronic devices. They have already owned iPhone 5 or iPhone 4S and do not want to pay for another similar product.Then the manager should decrease the price of iPhone 5C to fit for peoples expectation of low pricing, using the profit margin per unit to trade for higher quantities. As I mentioned above, the estimation of demand function is too important in the marginal analysis. In or der to estimate the demand, the manager should also make market survey to analyze the targeted customers. According to Pew Internets report, Teens and Technology 2013, 37% of U.S. teenagers now own a smartphone (which compares to 23% in 2011).And the increases of U.S. wireless carriers family data plans, intensive the parents to buy smartphones for their kids (Jason, 2013). Because the iPhone5C is colorful, has proper functions and easy to control, it must(prenominal) a first-choice for kids cellphone. Aimed at attracting teenagers group, the Apple Inc. manager should make the price to a certain level. Whats more, we also have to consider whether buyers are sensitive to price. In economics, we call it price elasticity of demand, which marrow the percentage intensify in the numbers of units sod to the percentage change in the price of the product.Assume most people are price sensitive, if the price of iphone5C is much higher than they expected, they will not buy it, which decrease s demand a lot. So, listen to the public opinions on price is quite important. in advance iphone5C facing to the public, a lot of individuals forecast that the selling price should be low enough to satisfy the low-end customers needs. Somebody was kidding that iPhone 5C is iPhone for China or iPhone for cheap.Apple Inc. wants to occupy more market percentage in developing countries, so they advertised that to make a colorful low-end smartphone. However, the price of iPhone 5C is not as low as we expected. The data shows after releasing the iPhone for 72 hours, both in China, Australia, U.S., the sales of iPhone 5S is almost 4 times compare to iPhone 5C. Especially, the graphical record says in the target country China, where the 5s is outselling the 5c five to one (Christopher, 2013). So I find the price of iPhone 5C is not reasonable. There are several reasons to sageize iPhone 5C price is not appropriate.Firstly, compare to iPhone 5S, people claim 5C effective looks an iPhone 5 with a candy-colored plastic shell. According to a report published by UBS, the same memory for 16 Gigabyte iPhone, 5S costs $213 in materials, whereas a 5C costs $156IPhone 5S has metal shell, Touch ID fingerprint scanner, more advanced A7 chipset, action Coprocessor and True tone flash for camera. The different price due to plastic case of $42 and finger print sensing element of $7.However, the price of iPhone 5C is only $100 less than iPhone 5S. The UBS also estimates the gross margins of iPhone 5S is 45-55% and for iPhone 5S is 48-54% (Ben, 2013). As a rational consumer, I will buy iPhone 5S instead of iPhone 5C, since 5S has much more functions, which is not at a so much higher price. Secondly, the factors of competitor also have huge effects. Samsung is the key part for apple to make its retina pomposity screen, as well as apple use Sonys sensor in its camera. We know that Samsung and Sony are competitors. Apple Inc. is hiring, relying and paying them.But if someday, Sam sung or Sony stop providing essential parts to apple, what will happen? I think Apple Inc. has to produce all manufacturing parts by themselves chthonian a turgid amount of fixed cost, which will have a big effect on Apples price decision. Thirdly, the price of iPhone 5C is not as low as rumored. It brings the question to us, who exactly is Apple targeting? We know that Samsung has galaxy series, which with large-screen and liked by fashion people and developing markets.In china, there are a lot of really cheap phones under 1000RMB, those phones have varieties function and beautiful looking. So when Apple Inc. can really open the market to low-end customers? The price decision and targeting customer is not guide and accurate. I am kind of thinking there must be some sailing strategy when apple promoted 5C and 5S at the same time, with a huge cost performance in my opinion. Maybe Apple Inc. just wants to stimulate thesales of 5S, after people comparing these two products.

Power and Politics in Organizations Essay

Abstract In institutions there are various powers, conflicts and political intrigues at play. Some of these powers may non appear not come in to something much to the untrained eye but those privy to these power struggles have it away that they go a long way in shaping the mess and the future of an organizations. When there is a change of leadership in an organization e. g. in cases where the C. E.O is retiring or moving elsewhere, the successor give want to impose his business philosophy on the organization. He does this by wielding his legitimate permit (that of being C. E. O or the boss). He or she may do this by rewarding those employees who embrace his or her business style and coerce those whom they feel are stubborn to their authority. Coercion provide oftentimes involve threats of firing or demotion or promotion sensual against errant employees. Employees who are depended upon for the familiarity to run smoothly (i. . those who own right power) may survive the ons laught because the executive officer may not want to jeopardize company operations. This however, may be temporary if the executive officer looks for suitable replacements for the errant happy employees and then forces the incumbent expose of the company or into positions less glamourous. In this assignment, I have looked into a case involving a blue chip company in eastward Africa called Safaricom Ltd and the power struggles between the incumbent C. E. O and top level able employees.Safaricom says the deuce resigned but they might have been the first victims of the new C. E. Os no nonsense approach to business. Before his resignation, Mr. John Barorot had been Safaricoms brain Technical Officer. He was one of the longest serving employees having coupled the company in 2000. The other person who seems to have received the burn down was the Chief Information Officer Mr. Robert Mugo. The power and political intrigues within the company saw the exit of the two with analysts indic ating that Mr.Collymore viewed them as a challenge to his authority in the company. He used his legitimate power to get the two to resign. Mr. Barorot opted to resign rather than go through a new exact talent assessment procedure. This indicates the presence of coercive powers in the company. Despite their expertness in their various capacities, Mr. Barorot and Mr. Mugo could not rely only on their expert power to retain their jobs. Hence, they were trounced by the legitimate power wielded by the Chief Executive Officer.

Personality Impact Paper Essay

In order for managers and employees to effectively get along in the workplace they must(prenominal) first learn how to understand and appreciate one another. The Journal of Adlerian surmisal published an article discussing the various personalities styles in the workplace. The report states that being adequate to recognize characters from in workers and managers is important for those who lead or manage as others as well as for those who consult or treat workers and leadership (page 2). The purpose of this paper is to retell uncover 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7 assessments, it will also restart my primary record aspects, cognitive abilities that I bath apply to my workplace, and diminish any shortcomings. unwrap 2.5, 2.6, 2.7Exhibit 2.5 is an assessment that measures the extraversion or irresponsible affectivity of a person. According to the text a person, which is positively effective, is predisposed to fetch positive emotional states and smell good about themselves and the milit ary personnel approximately them (page 43). People, who are extroverted, dispose to be more sociable and affectionate towards others. Exhibit 2.6 is to measure the neuroticism or detrimental affectivity. Negative affectivity in the text edition is defined as deal tendencies to gravel negative emotional states, feel distressed, and view themselves and the world around them negatively (page 44). This is the exact opposite at positive affectivity.People, who have high neuroticism, are more likely to experience more stress over time and often have negative moods at work/ home. Exhibit 2.7 is a measure of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experiences. The standard explains agreeableness as individuals who get along well with other people and those who do not (page 45). People, who are agreeable, are very likable, care for others, and tend to be affectionate. A person, who is conscientiousness, is careful, scrupulous, and persevering (page 45). People, who score hi gh in the area, are found tobe very tidy and organized, as well as self-disciplined. People, who are open to experiences, have broad interests and are willing to chance upon risks (page 46).Summary of My Testing ResultsIn Exhibit 2.5 I scored high on positive affectivity. and answered all of the questions with true. This result would show that I am a happy person and views my work and the world around myself positively.My results of Exhibit 2.6 indicate a low level of negative affectivity. I center that sometimes he feels tense all day because of the challenges he has forrader of myself at work and also gets nervous from time to time. This would again affirm the results of Exhibit 2.5 which I have a positive outlook on life. The results of Exhibit 2.7 proved what I was already aware of. I tends to be an agreeable person who is open to experiences. I scored the lowest on conscientiousness, implying that is flock be somewhat careless.I have a strong personality and a lot of good characteristics to offer as a leader. I did very charismatic and pragmatic. As a leader, this would be necessary in times of boosting morale and encouraging others around myself. my view on things from a positive light as well and tends to be open-minded. Cognitively I am numerically conscious, is also able to use reasoning, deductive abilities, and is perceptual. I scored the lowest on conscientiousness, which as a leader could mean that he is willing to take more risks.ConclusionThe purpose of this paper was to summarize Exhibit 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7 assessments, define My primary personality aspects, cognitive abilities that he can apply to the workplace, and mitigate any shortcomings. People all over the world tend to operate based on feelings and innate habits they learned from their surroundings. Having a clear understanding of these feelings and how it drives our individual personalities can create successful stage business relationships.ReferencesJennifer M. George, Garth R. Jo nes (2012). Understanding and Managing Organized Behavior. 6th Edition. Published by Prentice abode Sperry, Len (1995). Individual Psychology. Personality Styles in the Workplace, Volume 51 (Issue 4), pages 422.

Oration piece †Life and works of Rizal Essay

When I was young and innocent, I used to dream of nifty and wonderful things for the Philippines. I dreamed to get a line the Philippine flag increase in each and every household, and at the same time vocalizing our national anthem in a blaring voice and a smile on their faces. When Im old enough to see the accepted state of our country, these dreams were shattered. I turn int see flags in mickles households but I see households broken. I get dressedt hear songs but I hear gunshots, cries and remorse. I dont see smiles but marks of poverty. This was not the Philippines I was woolgather of. This is not what our national hero wished and died for. We request some bingle who can exact the change in our country.As Filipinos we need not a loss bearer with wealthy family, or rooms of medals and diplomas. Rizal didnt show off his accomplishwork forcets because people already know him as someone enceinte. He doesnt need to play a movie of all His works or achievement because hi s works spoke for themselves. I do say that we must net income our freedom by deserving it, by improving the mind and enhancing the hauteur of the individual. Loving what is just, what is good, what is great, even to the point of dying for it. Just like Rizal.Rizal is bounteous in all his endeavors in various fields science, mathematics, literature and the arts, loose it his all, therefore always emerging in excellence. The very person who should lead our country must be someone who has a heart for excellence. Rizal has great dreams for the Filipinos, and he never, not even once underestimated them. With unwavering trust and conviction, Rizal believes in the abilities of the Filipino people and banks on them for the progress of the Philippines. My fellow young men and women, if we want to establish a better Philippines, we need a real president who embodies the characteristics of Dr. Jose Rizal. Let us always remember that authority without love life and sacrifice is definitely self serving .Rizal studied in different schools, some of these are Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he was declared one of the sobresaliente or outstanding, University of Santo Tomas where he switched from law to medicine.

Religion plays Essay

The colossus, as the Professor realised before he chased the project, has the potential inside him to be so overwhelmingly good, almost angelic, which is shown by means of the natural instinct to help the family he stays with, tho the monstrosity also possesses the potential to take up mostly ugly actions, for example, when he murders young Willy as revenge for Frankenstein making him the way he did and creating how he is to live his as an outsider.The monster has no identity he is precariously composed of disfigured limbs and organs no part of the organic structure belongs to him as a person- all the personalities are mingled and therefore, Frankensteins monster cannot be exposit as an individual mind or body. As a ending of being made up of so many different body parts- intelligent, criminal, thief- he has many different interchangeable personalities, which all come as natural to him.The monster is ugly, theres no other newsworthiness for it his port is horrific, people hide and cringe at the sight of it, only if there is the possibility for the monster to be loved by the gentle race. This is proven in the circumstances wherein the blind man makes friends with the monster, and therefore appearance does not matter, only the person inside the monster can be loved although on the outside he is ugly, different and unnatural.It is partly the monsters fault that he ends up being hated by everyone, although Frankenstein holds most of the blame. He went against the Professors will through using his notes and didnt consider the dangerous consequences that come of meddling with god and nature. He made a creature that had no say in how he was created before he was brought to life, it was brought into the world without consent and the monster cannot retaliate or control the consequences. He has to live a life of rejection as a result of his uncontrollable appearance, the main reason of hatred for him. The monster, often circumstantially for these were his natural reactions part of his personality, inflicts the hatred upon himself. He undergoes deeds considered as demonic, but as revenge, a natural instinct.There are many good issues throughout the story, the strongest being that, all the innocent people are the ones who die, they are conquered by evil. Elizabeth, Justine and Willy are all murdered unjustly, whereas the monster lives for longer and provokes the murders. other is that, Captain Walton, although having an obsession for reaching the North Pole, abandons his voyage after earshot Frankensteins story.Religion plays a large part in Frankenstein, God is referred to several times, for example, when headmaster has an argument at university, he is said to be meddling with God and nature through the experiment. Also religion is delineate when the monster is thought to be dead and rises in the chains to symbolise the crucifixion of Jesus. Here is a symbolic reading at Victors death, God judges everything, good and bad, but als o creates evil beings.The whole film was quite confusing and the cyclical narrative at the beginning enhanced this so I was often left excogitate over what was happening. I thought that, although there were many changes to the original storyline, for example, when Elizabeth is brought sand to life in the film and not in the book, this version was a suitable adaptation and flowed very well, enhanced by the excellent picky effects.

How HIPAA Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process Essay

When you image human immunodeficiency virus you always think of support argon they the same or is there a difference. HIPAA covert Rule HIPAA is a federal police force thatProtects the patients silence with their medical records and other health reading provided to health plans, hospital, readys and either other health manage providers.Allows the patient access to their medical records.It gives the patient rights to how their personal information is used and exposed.HIPAA has proven to be very sure-fire in stopping inequality against the people diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome by preventing anyone from knowing about their human immunodeficiency virus and Aids spot. In the year 2000 laboratories and doctors atomic number 18 essential by fair play to report to their State health plane section all cases of human immunodeficiency virus and Aids. They argon reported to better measure the HIV and Aids epidemic, and how it is changing and to create programs for HIV and Aids prevention and state medical which best serve affected people and their communities.All this information is defend by confidentiality laws. Under this law rangeing information regarding who has HIV and Aids fucking only be used to help the State wellness Department track the epidemic and for partner nonification this information enkindlenot be shared with immigration and naturalization Service (INS), police, welfare agencies, landlords, employers and insurance companies. The study Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issues guidelines influencing states to collect and report the data on HIV and Aids so they foot track the epidemic on a national basis. The state health department get out thence remove all the personal information (name, address, etc.) from your riddle results and send the information to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Over the next several long time HIV and Aids data will b ecome the basis for championship formulas which will allocate federal money for circumspection & preaching downstairs The Ryan flannel Comprehensive back up Resources Emergency (CARE) Act.This is the largest federally funded program in the United States for people vitality with HIV and AIDS. This number reaches hundreds of thousands of people either year with medical care, drugs, and support services. The program requires that health departments receiving money from the Ryan White program show good faith efforts to notify the marriage partners of a patient with HIV and AIDS. (www.Aids.gov)HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the T-cells in the resistive dust. This illness changes their immune system making people very assail subject to diseases and infections. This condition worsens as it progresses corresponding to research the origins to this disease dates back to the easy 19th or early 20th century in western Central Africa. In 2008 worldwide t here were33.4 million People living with HIV and AIDS.2.7 new HIV infections2 million deaths from AIDSThe disease was identified in the 1980s, and there is now known cure, but treatments and medicinal drug support slow the course of the disease. The newest drug combination drug therapy can cost up to $20,000 in U.S. dollars a year. HIV is found in body fluids like semen and vaginal fluids, blood and breast mild. And can be passed by blood-to-blood and too sexual cont tour. Women can pass this to their babies through pregnancy, childbirth, and through breast milk. AIDS is (acquired immune deficiency syndrome or immunodeficiency syndrome). AIDS is the disease caused by the HIV virus AIDS is the syndrome that appear in the advance stages of HIV infection, AIDS is a medical condition derived from HIV. HIV and AIDS are the same AIDS is the outdated name and HIV is the correct name.There are three recognized good principles that render to clinical and research ethics Respect refers to revereing the decisions of autonomous people and defend the ones who lack decision making capacity and therefore are not autonomous and imposes a positive obligation to treat people with respect by keeping this information confident and keeping promises. Beneficence imposes a positive obligation of the best interest of the patient. Justice requires people to be treated fairly and often requires that benefits and burdens to be distributed fairly within society. Privacy is criticalwhen it comes to HIV and AIDS, because of the sensitivity of HIV relate information nigh patients dont want to share this mystic and personal feeling of their life because it involves their sexual behavior or substance abuse.This information can lead to stigmatization this can cause patients to worry about their privacy being protected, and they may be hesitant to see a doctor or remain in the care of a physician. It is vital to fork up health care providers express that they are committed to secu ring patient privacy. The law gives certain protection to or conditions. Electronic systems need to be able to identify and manage this data appropriately. HIV and AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases are a whole different category with picky privacy concerns. When releasing HIV and AIDS records for other purposes it is necessary to identify testing and treatment for these conditions through the use of red flags or prototype messages. The electronic system simplifies exclusion or segregation of HIV test results to protect against release without patients comely consent from the patient.Preferably a system will also flag treatment of HIV and Aids when producing copies of records. EHR systems essential provide mechanisms that enable facilities that extra layer of protection for this information required under 42 CFR, Part 2 requires patient consent for disclosures of protected health information even for the purpose of treatment this consent moldiness be in writing. When a health care provider providers care to an HIV and AIDS patient they seem to be cracking and ethical tightrope even when they are aware of protocol about disclosing HIV status simple assumptions and carelessness can lead to devastating consequences for the patient and also legal ramifications. There are some things a health care worker can do on their own to protect private information while at work. Turn off your computer when you walk away or not in use. Set your computer with passwords to trip up access to confidential files. Use a system that will apparition who accesses confidential information. Become familiar with the law train employees in proper disclosure protocol. Never discusses a patients HIV and AIDS status.Social ramifications populate if HIV and AIDS information is announced improperly. If a patients friends discover he or she has HIV and AIDS they wont want to be around them due to the fear of catching the disease peoplewill start to gossip spreading this privat e information destructing the life of the septic person. They will undoubtedly be treated differently. He or she could take on difficulty finding employment if the employer finds out about the disease because of out or keeping(p) disclosure of medical information. If a person is living with HIV and Aids you are protected against discrimination under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation act of 1973 and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA).Under these laws, discrimination means that you are not allowed to participate in a service that is offered to others or you are denied a benefit, because of your HIV disease. ( http//aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/just-diagnosed-with-hiv-aids/your-legal-rights/civil-rights/index.html ) HIV and AIDS in the workplace gets bigger each year, because it affects people between ages 25 44 and they make up 50% of our 121% million workers. There are laws to protect people with HIV and AIDS in the workplace. Americans with Disabilities act of 1990 (ADA) does not allow employment discrimination because of disability and covers businesses with 15 or more employees. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Federal and state governments work with more than 100 million working men and women and 6.5 million employers.The Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) this act to the private-sector of employers of 50 or more employees and within a 75 international nautical mile radius of their worksite. A person is entitled to a total of 12 weeks of job protected unpaid leave in a 12 month period. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Addresses obstacles to healthcare you can face if you are HIV and AIDs positive. Protecting you discriminatory treatment from your insurance company, and also protects your privacy rights. The Consolidated Omnibus Budget atonement act of 1986 (COBRA). This law allows employees the option to keep their health insurance at their own expense after getting laid off, fired from a job. Allowing them to purchase health insurance for a period up to 36 months. HIV and AIDS not only hurt people with the disease but also their families and families. According to the International Labor Organization believes that by the year 2020 HIV and AIDS will lower the workforce by 24 million people. This will cost the workforce higher be of medical insurance as well as work absences related to health, hiring and costs of retraining.

The American Indian and the Problem of Culture Essay

The Native Americans be perhaps the most culturally storied and richly diversified market-gardening in the America. Indeed, the historical narrations of the Indian culture, way of life and lifestyle are narrated as rich in strife, struggle as well as triumph. In fact, a legal age of the modern ways of life and lifestyle in the United States are directly or indirectly inherited or borrowed from the ancient Indian cultures of centuries ago. Yet, most Americans take for granted the many familiar figures that trace their blood line from the Native Indian Americans. The purpose of this paper is to describe the culture of the American Indians.The American Indians used various symbols that interwove the tapestry of their lifestyle. Integral symbols such(prenominal) as the totem pole, the teepee, the moccasins and the peace pipe formed a finical cultural sign of the American Indians life (Barrett, 2004). Native animals and plants as houses and weather had a special cultural relationsh ip with the American Indians. For instance, the American Indians revered animals for spiritual believes and ties in spite of their hunting practices. Animal hides and skins do drums and clothes while the fondness was preserved and never wasted to nourish the community. The American Indians believed that the spirit of the animals k lighted stand firmd by dint of the community by inhabiting the tribes minds.The American Indians cultivated and posterior harvested various plants for different reasons and seasons such as making blankets and dyes (Biolsi & Martin, 1989). Weather elements tidal bore cultural meanings, attachments and endearments to the community, as well. For instance, the American Indians believed that the sun and the rain were supernatural powers and equal a change in the Indians seasons.Totem poles formed a special part of the America Indians culture (Hallowell, 1957). For instance, they believed that every(prenominal) persons spirit in the community was attached to fact animals spirit. Therefore, the community believed that, at death, a persons spirit was absorbed by his or her attached animal to live on or regenerate as another person at birth. As a tall and large wooden carving, the totem pole was border to represent various animals with a certain animal representing a hold dear but deceased member of the family.Today, it is easy to observe a dangle dream catcher hanged from rearview mirrors on cars driving in the United States roads. However, tidy sum rarely know or acknowledge the significance of the dream catchers. Indeed, this symbol traces back to the Lakota tribes legendary stories (Hallowell, 1957). It is a symbol of holding onto dearest things in a persons life. In addition, the pierced holes in a dream catcher serve to filter ill feelings and thoughts. Another Interesting aspect of the American Indians culture is smoke signaling. The American Indians used smoke signals to send and relay messages everyplace long distances and bore a proud heritage amongst the American Indians.The American Indians also believed in spirits and depended on them for the well being and fodder of the society (Barrett, 2004). Spirits were tied to various outcomes in the society such as bumper harvest, natural disasters and tragedies and community health. As a result, the spirits were kept pleased to see to the survival and good harvest in the tribe. Sacrifices and offerings were made at sacred places to the spirits. For instance, the Pueblo tribes regarded various plants as sacred while the Aztecs offered homo sacrifices to appease the spirits.ReferencesBarrett, C. A. (2004). American Indian culture. Pasadena, Calif. Salem Press.Biolsi, T., & Martin, C. (1989). The American Indian and the hassle of Culture. American Indian Quarterly, 13(3), 261.Hallowell, A. I. (1957). The Impact of the American Indian on American Culture. American Anthropologist, 59(2), 201-217.Source document