Salvador Dali and the Surrealist movement

Salvador dekalitrei and the Surrealist motionSalvador Dali is perhaps wizard of the approximately recognised artists of the Surrealist movement. His art is mass produced in prints, and it is non a r ar matter to see them in homes of adults and on the wall(a)s of college students. His closely famous work, The continuity of entrepot (1934), is taught in art classes to children as preteen as 7. Most of these spate feel a connection with Dalis work and feel compel guide to display these posters. It is base hit to say, however, that few of these fans know anything about Surrealism, and the inspiration behind his most pricy plant manners.The Surrealist movement acquired from the pascal movement of the 1920s. Its loss leader, Tristan Tzara, aimed to eliminate art because society developd war and at that placefore does not deserve art. He instead aimed to shock the unexclusive through works of anti-art, which did not shock the public as intended, scarce was accepted by the art society.Dada embraced nihilism, a philosophy hold in-to doe with around zero, meaning nothing, or anything. Dada rejected reason and logic while hating living. In William Bohns article From Surrealism to Surrealism Apollinaire and Breton he put ins that Dada Was really a protest movement, protesting bourgeoisie values in art and life(Surrealism, 198). Instead, Dada actually bridged art in life by displaying objects that allowed the viewer to realize that life is in fact art.In order to bridge life and art, Dada artists applied humor to art which provided a playfulness not reached by realism. Dadas aim was to juggle away, to parody, and to ridicule all accepted ideas, all forms of cordial activity (Surrealism, 199). Dada seems to have been a contradictory movement, one that produced wildly creative pieces, while discrediting creativity in theory. The constant contradictions of the movement could be why followers so readily embraced Surrealism, a movement which seeme d to farm more sense, neverthe little provided a smooth transition for flush the most devoted Dadaists, such as Tristan Tzara, the movements leader.Surrealism, as defined by Anton Breton is vestal psychic automatism by which we propose to express either verbally or in writing or in some otherwise manner- the real functioning of thought, in the absence of all control, excerased by reason, outside all aesthetic and moral preoccupations(The Surrealist opusifesto, Surrealism, 205). His definition of Surrealism as a philosophy is as follows, Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of reliable forms of previously neglected associations, in the omnipotence of dream, in the disinte reliefed play of thought. It tends to blast once and for all other psychic mechanisms and to substitute itself for them in resolving power all the principal problems of life (The Surrealist Manifesto, Surrealism, 205).Anton Breton was the founding breed of Surrealism. He introduced s amples of his writings which were called automatic writing. This automatic writing is also kn throw as free people association writing in which the author begins to write whatever comes to promontory in hopes of unlocking the unconscious mind. The point of unlocking the unconscious was to reveal truth in the art form. This form of Automatism was a underlying application in unrealistic art, be it visual or literary. Surrealism, therefore, was not restricted to visual art, notwithstanding was also a popular movement among authors of the period.Surrealists were greatly influenced by the works of Freud, whose radical theories in psychoanalysis and the importance of the subconscious in regards to not only mental health, but to truth and life, would inspire artists and authors to unlock their own subconscious. Surrealists incorporated Freuds theory into their art work through the belief that dreams ar as important, if not more so thanreality. Therefore features of Surrealist art ac commodate dream like images. Surrealism aimed to draw the eye to one object and then to distract it with some other object. Surrealism called for a deliberate disorientation of the mind (Frey, 15). In doing so, the artists was able to create a dreamlike experience for the viewer. To the Surrealist, beauty was not the goal because beauty, while aesthetically pleasing, does not necessarily represent truth.As the movement gained momentum several visual artists and authors began to identify themselves as Surrealists. They embraced the the philosophy of Surrealism and applied to their respective art. Some of the most well known artists that coupled the movement include Paul and Gala Eluard, Pierre Naville, Max Ernst, Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp, and Yves Tanguy. Picasso is sometimes considered a follower of the movement, but overall his intricacy was minimal. Perhaps the most recognizable name aligned with the Surrealist movement is Salvador Dali.Salvador Dali was innate(p) in 1904 in Fig ueres, which borders Catalonia, Spain. By the age of 12 he showed oftentimes promise as an artist. He accompanied drawing school at this age and fell in love with art. In 1922 he attended the Academy of Fine Arts, Madrid. As a youth at the academy he proclaimed himself an anarchist and was privy to rebellious activities. The many shenanigans he pulled were evidence to his desire for attention and his quest for fame. Such rebellion at long last got him kicked out of the academy.In response to his expulsion he continued his graphics, dabbling in Cubism and Purism. He eventually met Pablo Picasso, whose work he highly respected. Finally, he met Anton Breton, the leader of the Surrealist movement. He felt a draw to the philosophy of this movement and pronto joined forces with the other members of the movement.Dali used a method in his artistry called paranoiac faultfinding method. He developed this method in 1929, the uniform year that he officially proclaimed himself a Surreali st. The paranoiac critical method was a self hypnosis which would allow him to hallucinate freely. Under this proffer he would create art that involved double images. These double images acted as an optical illusion. The viewer immediately would see one object, but devoted further review would notice a hidden image wrong of the main object. Often, the hidden image would be erotic or create a feeling of discomfort for the audience. These images were also dreamlike, not only created in the subconscious of the painter, but unlocking the subconscious of the audience. About these double images Dali said, Such a representation of an object that is also, without the slightest physical or annuclearal change, the representation of another entirely different object, the second representation being equally free of any deformation or abnormally betraying the arrangement (Stinking Ass).Upon joining this Surrealists he met Gala Eluard who was ten old age his senior. She is heralded as the mus e of the Surrealist movement as she not only inspired Dali, but many other artists and authors of the movement. At the time of their meeting she was hook up with to surrealist poet and friend of Dalis Paul Eluard. He immediately fell in love with her, and her love was reciprocated. Her husband Paul, Eluard, surprisingly did not object, he was intrigued by the intricacies of relationships, and therefore not too equipment casualty by her choice to be with Dali. They moved in together and she became his muse,they married in 1934. She seized power over his career and aided in trade not only his artwork but his persona. Without her, he may not have gained the notoriety that he had so craved since a young age.In 1931 Salvador Dali painted perhaps his most famous and recognizable piece, Persistence of Memory (1931). Regardless of his success, by the end of the 1930s the Surrealists were no hourlong champions of Dali or his artwork. He refused to take sides during the Spanish civil Wa r, which cost him life long friends. Anton Breton, who had once revered Dalis work, assigned him the derogatory nickname Avida Dollars which convey eager for money. His greed, and hesitance in aligning with the Marxist revolution severed many ties between him and his colleagues.At the beginning of World War II Gala, and Salvador Dali moved to California, upon reflection of his Surrealist days he said this, Surrealism will at least have served to give experimental proof that total infertility and attempts at automatizations have gone too far and have led to a totalitarian system. Todays laziness and the total lack of technique have reached their paroxysm in the psychological signification of the current use of the college. Dali was nothing if not a master artist, and he displayed discontent for the current state of art. After 1949 he and his wife moved back to Catalonia where they would live the rest of their lives. Gala passed in 1982, with Salvador following in 1989.As previously stated, Dalis most recognizable and celebrate work is the Persistence of Memory painted in 1931. The mountainvas of this photo is quite small, measuring 24.1 cm X 33 cm, and it is currently housed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York, where it has hung since 1936. It has lead soft watches that are placed on the grace of larboard Lligat. Port Lligat is a small village on the Mediterranean coast of Spain, in which Dali spent much of his life. He also included in this landscape and in many of his other works. The enormous cliffs in the background are evidence that it is in fact the cliffs of Port Lligat. The former curator of MOMA, pack Thrall Soby, says of the motion-picture show the billet is manipulated to suggest and infinity against which the drama of his objects and figures is intercommunicate (Clocking, 3).The telltale cliffs of Port Lligat constitute only a small dowery of the painting. The majority of the space is dominated by the giant melting time. adept clock is closed, and the other three are draped over a peter in the center, go, and an olive tree. The eyes are first worn-out to these clocks, and according to an analysis on salvadordalimuseum.org, the clocks clearly represent time, but create a dreamlike effect by bending the rules of reality, which is imageistic of Surrealism. Simon Wilson says of this painting, The theme of this truly bizarre and mysterious painting is mans obsession with the genius of time ( Clocking, 4). Dali, himself, remarked that Soft watches are nothing else than the tender, extravagant and solitary paranoiac-critical Camembert of space and time (Clocking, 12). The reference of Camembert may seem offhandedly strange, however this is a reference to the cheese that actually inspired the soft watches on the eventide that he painted this picture.Although the main draw to the painting is the melting watches, there are other important symbols in the painting. The ants on the closed watches, the olive tree, the steps and the amorphous creature each have a surplus memory which contribute to the aesthetics of this painting.Upon further examination the creature in the center of the painting has eyelashes and a closed eye. The creature appears to be sleeping. This creature is actually a self portrait of Salvador Dali. It is a form that he has used in other paintings to represent himself. Upon further review, the viewer can make out the profile with a nose, and mouth.The next symbol in the painting is the olive tree in the upper leftfield comer. The olive tree was a significant symbol for Dali. Olive trees typify peace, and olives were a major export of Catalonia. Later in life he even refereed to his wife Gala as his little olive. In this particular painting Dali has presented a dead olive tree. This dead tree may symbolize the inevitable death that time will bring. Death and decay is a common theme in this painting as Dali uses ants and flies to intend decay. The Ants are on the closed w atch in the bottom left of the painting.The final symbols to discuss in this painting are the steps. There is one step, prominent in the foreground on the left side. In the distance, along the horizon there is another step, on the edge of the water. These steps could mayhap represent the Freudian explanation of steps and the act of going up and down them. Freud explains that steps in dreams represent sexual acts. It is unclear whether or not this what Dali intended to present, symbolically speaking, the use of steps is unclear.Twenty years after painting Persistence of Memory, Dali presented a new painting called decline of the Persistence of Memory (1952). During the period between these two paintings Dalis life had greatly changed. He and Gala moved to the United States to flee the Spanish Civil War. While in California he worked with Disney and Alfred Hitchcock as a consultant for various films. His artwork was transformed after World War II. The scientific strides that had bee n made regarding the discovery of DNA and the advent of the atomic bomb influenced Dalis style.In 1948 Dali and Gala sought to move back to Spain. The new government was staunchly Roman Catholic and Dali had to prove that he had changed his ways and was now a pious Catholic. Ultimately he would call himself a nuclear mystisist. atomic mysticisms mixture of physics, math, science, religion, art history, and Spanish culture was to stress technique, rebirth, faithand tradition (Clocking, 17). Dali saw God in mathematical ratios and in atomic science. Dal wroteIn the surrealist period I wanted to create the iconography of the interior ball-the world of the marvelous, of my father Freud. I succeeded in doing it. Today the exterior world-that of physics-has transcended the one of psychology. My father today is Dr. Heisenberg. (Clocking, 17).The confusion of Persistence of Memory is the same size as the original Persistence of Memory. Upon examining the painting the viewer will notice that the clocks are no longer the first thing the eye is skeletal to. They are overshadowed by the mathemematical dissasembly of the steps, tree and painting overall. As the watches are less relevant, the them of time also become irrelevant to this particular painting. All things, the painting seems to be saying-even the persistence of memory-are overcome by, or incorporated into, one atomic reality (Clocking, 18). This painting, once resembled a still life, now seems to have a sense of movement to it. The swimming fish and even the disintegration of the steps and tree have movement that make the painting feel alive.The Disintegration of Persistence of Memory is housed at the Salvador Dali museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. In 2000 the two paintings were unify in an exhibited where they were shown side by side, so that the viewer could see the deviance in style and meaning behind each painting. The Dali museum in St. Petersburg, Florida was completed March 7 of 1982 and is made up of works from the private assemblage of the Mr. and Mrs. Morse, who began collecting Dalis work in 1940.One of the most celebrated artists of the 1900s, Salvador Dali and his artwork remain ingrained in the minds of anyone who has so much as glanced at one of his pieces. He provided the art world with a zany character who was himself, a walking art form. Although his style evolved throughout his life, his most memorable period was that of his Surrealist paintings. His mastery allowed him to remain at the forefront of the artistic community, and evolve along with the tastes of his fans.

Health Indicators for Diverse Groups in New Zealand

Health Indicators for divers(prenominal) Groups in sore Zealand entrywayPublic wellness is the science and art of promoting and protecting the life and closely being of the nation as a whole, by preventing the ill health and prolonging the life through the harmoniumized efforts of the state and the society.This assessment aims to discuss and position the health status indicators for diverse bases in the National and Intertheme perspectives. It similarly includes the causative factors in health.Current Health Status indicators for Three Diverse Groups from National and world(prenominal) perspectives. new-sprung(prenominal) ZealandNew Zealand is located in the s forthh-central pacific. It is a multi-cultural country and a very supportive on health of the society and its program. in that respect atomic number 18 several diverse groups that upkeep in New Zealand namely the Maori, The peace-loving people, the Pakeha or Europians and the Asiatic migrants.a. The MaoriMa oris argon the intimately important social groups in New Zealand. They are the original settlers of the country. cardinal indicator that compromises the health of the Maori is sens. Smoking was identified as the ab aside overriding health status indicator and it is importantly observed in areas dwell by the Maori.Broughton (1996) stated that traditionally the Maori society was tupeka kore ( baccy free). Maoris first encounter with tobacco was through the British, it was used as a tool of colonization by gifting or trading it in return for land and early(a) resources.Currently, 32.7 per 1 hundred of Maori identified as being regular scum bagr, to a greater extent than in two ways the smoke come ins of European and Asian ethnic groups. Among Maori males the regular pot compute is 30.5 share ripen and among females it is 34.7 portion. For Maori women of childbearing age (20-44 stratums), 40.5 pct smoke regularly. (Statistics New Zealand, 2014)Moreover, the Maori you th elder 15 19 years has higher smoking come out than non-Maori. In this age group, 38.8 percentage (CI 29.348.3%) of Maori were current smokers compared with 13.7 percent (CI 10.417.1%) of non-Maori. there were some findings that in that location were notable difference in the average of the Maori and non-Maoris initial taste of cigarette. On average Maori youth, their first cigarette was as early as 11.5 years compared to non-Maori youth at 12.7 years.As a result, tobacco smoking is the unproblematic cause of the preventable death for Maori in New Zealand. Approximately, three generation as many Maori died from Lung cancer and other smoking related complaints as Non-Maori each year.Maoris current smokers are to a greater extent than than believably to prefer on smoking a roll-your-own-cigarette than non- Maoris smokers. The frequency of roll-your-own-cigarette was 70.3 percent for Maori and 57.4 percent compared to non-Maori.The most common reason of Maori and non-Ma ori for using the roll-yourown-cigarette was that, it has little expenditure than the manufactured cigarettes. The other reason for Maori and non-Maori they gave was, it last longer and taste better. some other health indicator among Maori is the Life Expectancy. The life expectation of Maori men is 73 years while the Maori women is 77.1 compared to the non-Maori men which is 80.3 years and 83.9 years for the non-Maori women. The life expectancy at birth has narrowed the gap to 7.1 years between Maori and non-Maori people. In comparison with 8.2 years in 2005-07, 8.5 years in 2000-02, and 9.1 years in 1995-97 based on death values of New Zealand in 2012-2014 (Statistics New Zealand, 2014).The differences in the life expectancy wander of Maori people compared to non-Maori are overdue to the number of factors including rates of smoking and socioeconomic status.b. The Pacific peopleThe Pacific community in New Zealand are consist of different ethnic groups like the Samoans who a re the largest group with 50% of the population, the Cook Islanders, 20%, the Tongan, 18%, the Niuaen, 8% and the Fijans who ready the smallest group of 4%. (Ministry of Public Island Affairs, 2013) fleshiness is ane of the biggest issue in health for the Pacific Islanders. Among the New Zealand diverse groups, the Pacific self-aggrandisings had the highest rate of obesity with 67 percent followed by 46 percent Maori adults. Contrasting to, only superstar in seven Asian adult is grave, with a rate of 14 percent. On the other hand, Pacific children aged 2-14 are 55 percent obese or over tip, compared to 29 percent of the total child population in New Zealand.Based on body mass index, it was found out that almost one out of three adults from age 15 years and higher up were obese with a rate of 31 percent while about 34 percent were overweight. In ages 2-14 years, one in nine children were obese or 11 percent. Furthermore, high rate of overweight children of the Pacific people we re alike found, which was 22 %.c. The Asian groupThe Asian adults are generally in genuine health. They drive home the positive focus on health and well-being. In fact, Asian adults have comparatively low rates of smoking, hazardous drinking, asthma, arthritis, chronic pain, diagnosed way or anxiety disorders (Asian Health, 2006).However, Asian adults are about 1.8 times as belike to have been diagnosed of type 2 diabetes as non-Asians. Self note diabetes rates are common among Indian people, more than three times than the normal average. Asian adults generally report lower use of primary health center because of the language and cultural barriers that affect the approach path to health services (source).It was noted that after migration, Asian people may have increased riskiness of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases due to the lifestyle changes, personal natural action and change in diet. linked States of America united States of America is among the institutions good provider on health for its people. The total population of America as of 2013 is 320,051,000, with a gross national income per capita of 53,960. The allocations for health per capita is 8,895 international dollar in 2012 and the total expenditures for health as percentage of gross domestic product as of 2012 is 17.9. (WHO, 2015) get together States of America is a multicultural country and they have several diverse groups namely the whiteneds Americans, the African Americans, the Asian Americans, the homegrown Americans/ American Indians and Alaska Natives, the Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders and Hispanic and Latino Americans.a. American Indians and Alaska Nativestobacco remains the largest preventable cause of disease and death in the United States. Every year 480,000 of Americans are killed through cigarette smoking, and 41,000 of these deaths were due to the sulphur hand smoking. (U.S. Department of Health and gracious Services, 2014).Cigarette Smoking is the mo st prevalent case for the American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States of America with significantly the highest percentage rate among other racial groups, of 26.1 percent compared to 19.4 percent of the snow-clad Americans, the African Americans with 18.3 and the Hispanics has 12.1 percentage respectively. The Asian American has the lowest percentage of smoking with 9.6 percent.Men in the United States are the most frequent smokers with 20.5 percent compared to women who has 15.3 percent. Among the adults in America, ages 25 to 44 years are the most prevalent smokers with a 20.1 percent, followed by the ages 45 to 64 years with 19.9 percent and 18.7 percent for ages 18 to 24. The least frequent smokers are at the age of 65 years and older with 8.8 percent. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015).b. The African AmericanObesity is based on the body mass index(BMI) of a person of 30 or higher. The body mass index is measured of an adults weight in relation to his or her flower, calculated by the adults weight in kilograms divided by the square root of his or her height in meters.(U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention,2014).In the United States more than three or 34.9% or 76.8 million of adults are obese. The African American have the highest rates of obesity with 47.8 percent, followed by the Hispanic with the rate of 42.5 percent, the sporting comes third with a percentage of 32.6 percent, and for the American Asian has the lowest rate of obesity with a rate of 10.8 percent. (Journal Of American Medicine, 2014)Obesity are more prevalent among middle age group from 40 tp 59 year old with a rate of 39.5% compared to the jr. adults, the 20-39 years age group with a percentage rate of 30.3%, and the adults of over 60 years and above has a percentage rate of 35.4 percent. (Journal of American Medicine, 2014)Another indicator among African American is Diabetes. Diabetes is the sixth pencil lead cause of death in the United States of America, killing 71.5 thousand people in 2012. (WHO, 2012)Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia or high glucose levels in the declension. In a healthy person the blood sugar level are unbroken in an acceptable range by insulin. Insulin is a hormone, that is produced in the pancreas, that volition help the body absorb excess sugar from the blood stream. Among diabetic people, blood sugar levels are not adequately controlled by insulin. (Agency for health care Research and Quality, 2010).Diabetes is most prevalent among African American adults, from ages 18 and over, with a percentage rate of 13.2 percent compared to the Hispanics with 12.2 percent, while, 7.3 percent for both White Americans and Native Hawaiians.(CDC, 2014)In 2012, 44.2 per 1000 population of African American adults were hospitalized for lower extrimity amputation in contrast with 12.5 per 1000 population of the White and 25.4 of the Hispanics. (National Healthcare Quality and Disparitie s, 2014)c. White AmericansThe Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)2014, gathered the information about the deathrate in the U.S., including the death by suicide. In 2013, there were 41,149 suicide cases reported. This makes the suicide, as the tenth primary cause of death in America.The CDC calculates the suicide rate each year by the number of the accounted suicide deaths that occur for either 100,000 people in the population.White americans got the highest rate of suicide death with 14. 2%, followed by the American Indians and Alaska natives with a rate of 11.7%. Much lower and virtually the same rates are common among Asians and Pacific Islanders with 5.8%, Hispanic with 5.7%, and African American with 5.4% respectively.(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014)In 2013, Men were most likely to commit suicide compared to women with a significant rate of 20.2, and women had a rate of 5.5, that is four times higher in men. It was noted in in 2013 that 77.9% of ma les died in suicide in comparison to much lower rate in female for only 22.1%.Among the age group, 45 to 64 years had the highest suicide rate of 19.1%, followed by 85 years and older with 18.6%. The younger groups aged 15 to 24 years had lower suicide rate of 10.9%.(CDC,2014).Causative Factorsa. National Causative FactorsThe influence of the family members or growing up in the house or environment where people regularly smoke has a great impact for the preponderance of smoking among Maori people. The total deficiency of discouragement since some or all of the family members are smoking.In general, the confederate pressure for the teen agers that caused them to start smoking at an early age and the feeling of relief from stress and fatigue. Lastly, the use of the roll-yourown-cigarette which has cheaper cost. (The Buzzle, 2015)The factors that influence the obesity of the Pacific people are, there lifestyle, habits and food consumption. For age fifteen years and above, less than h alf or about 40.9% of the Pacific males and Pacific females (48.9%) met the recommended vegetable ingestion that was notably lower than non-Pacific group.In addition, Pacific males and females consumed more servings of soft drinks or energy drinks per week. In particular, Pacific female, were three times as likely to eat fast food and takeaways in comparison to non-Pacific people. Children aged 2-14 years were less likely to have eaten breakfast at home compared to non-Pacific. (The Pacific Peoples Health, 2014) bingle causative factor of Diabetes is obesity. Atleast 80% of Type 2 diabetes are overweight. Due to todays sedentary and westernised lifestyle, people allow for pass away overweight and eventually become obese. Obesity causes insulin resistance, meaning that the fats and muscle cells of obese people do not seem to react to the insulin, so there is an uncontrollable blood glucose level in the body, thus, leading to Type 2 diabetes. (Diabetes Info NZ, 2014)b. Internationa l Causative FactorsThe factor that triggers the prevalence of smoking among American Indians and Alaska Natives is that, it is included in a sacred tobacco ceremonial rights, unearthly practices and as medicinal roles for native culture. In addition, tobacco sold in tribal lands are exempted from state and national taxes, thus, it is cheaper and affordable. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2015)The causative factor of obesity of the African American is the limited access to safe(p) places for outdoor physical activities. In order to carry out a a good and a balance healthy living, one must participate in a sufficient physical activity. In addition, lower incomes and poverty contributes to the increasing obesity, since less nourishing foods or calorie-loaded foods are often less expensive and affordable than healtier foods. (Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Obesity, 2014)The risk factor of diabetes which is prevalent among African Americans are due to lifestyle choice s. The lesser chance of regular physical activity and consuming high-calorie foods in large amount than necesarry will have the high risk of devloping type 2 diabetes. Another factor is heriditary, if someone in close family has diabetes, other members top executive also develop diabetes.(Endocrineweb, 2014).Based from the causative factors of the different health problems encountered from the national and international aspects, it is observed that they have almost the same common factors that triggers the prevalence of diseases. Lower incomes and living in more deprived areas are more prone to such diseases. Regular physical activities and proper nutrition is the discover to have a healthy life.3. DiscussionSmoking is one of the major(ip) problem that the governance of New Zealand is facing especially with the Maori group who is the leading cigarette or toabcco smoker than other ethnic groups.It is further noted, that there is a strong relationship between smoking and neighborh ood deprivation. It message that there are more people who are engaged in smoking in most deprived areas than the least deprived areas.The government should continue to dessiminate information and awareness for the strengths of smoking for the active and motionless smokers most especially to the deprived areas where smoking is rampant. Conduct counselling for the habit-forming smoker and the family. Create programs or provide facilities that promotes physical activities to different groups.There should be a thorough emphasis and education for the tremendous effect of smoking like smoking can harm every organ and systems in the body, cause 80% of lung cancer, and respiratory condition like pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Smoking is also a major cause of philia disease, stroke and other cancers. In addition, smoking around children increases the risk of lung transmittance like croup, bronchitis and peumonia.There are a lot of health problems that the United States of America is facing, one of them is obesity and it is quite alarming that more than one-third of the population in America are obese. Among the diverse groups, Afrian Americans has the highest percentage of obesity.One factor of obesity for Black Americans is that they have limited access tosafe areas for outdoor activities. To carry out a balance and healthy living one must indulge in a regular physical activitivities. It is also observed that lower income and poverty contributes to the increasing obesity since they will opt to consume the cheaper, less nutritious and high calorie foods. beingness obese increases the persons risk to exploitation heart diseases (cardiovascular heart disease, stroke), type 2 diabetes and and other forms of cancer.In order to prevent obesity and the risk of developing long term diseases the government should continue to support programs that involves physical activities. set aside facilities for indoor and outdoor sports and a safe playground for chil dren.The government should also provide a team that will monitor the intake of nutritious foods especially in the deprived areas where obesity is common. A quarterly checks of the blood for blood sugar, lipid profile and blood pressure for the obese persons.

Development of Singapores Economy

Development of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapores EconomyIntroductionIn the past three decades make witnessed Singapores economy has been developing at an extremely tall-pitched speed. As the most important part of the political economy, bank buildinging and finance services open a lot to the gross domestic product. The government inventory (Banking and finance, 2007) exhibit that the Banking and Finance provides a description of the complex nature of the domain and an overview of the sectors provision of products and services, which ar (1) deposit, consumer credit, and payment systems (2) credit and liquidity products (3) investing products and (4) risk-transfer products (including insurance). Banking and finance services sectors play an important role in the Singapore economics, in 2013, the pecuniary effort contri exactlyed around 12% to Singapores gross domestic product (Singaporean- German Chamber of industry and commerce, 2014.). And S ingapore isnt an modify and agricultural country, it depends on the tourism and financial business, therefore the Singapore crowd outnot abdicate Banking and finance services sectors.Contri notwithstandingionGDP stands for gross domestic product, which is apply to measure a country economics, it includes everything produced by all the people and companies that are in the country. Singapore has enjoyed robust economic product with an average growth rate of 6.1% since 2000 and a GDP per capita of S$65,048 (US$52,051) in 2012, champion of the highest in the world. This strong economic performance is driven by 4 severalize sectors, namely Manufacturing, Wholesale Retail Trade, Business Services and Finance Insurance. These 4 key sectors collectively contributed to more(prenominal) than than 64% of Singapores GDP in 2012 (Meng Kit, 2014).Nowadays, Singapore has hundreds of banking and finance companies, and most of them are foreign. Beca implement Singapore geographical cond ition and social status, more and more corporation set up a branch guild in Singapore, for example, Huawei, HSBC and Citibank, etc. In the plow (Anonymous, 2014) according to City think-tank Z/Yens Global monetary Services, both are challenging the leaders as the top world(prenominal) finance hubs, with Hong Kong in third place behind London and new-sp onslaughtg(prenominal) York, and Singapore only eight points behind in fourth.When they set a attach to in Singapore, they direct to recruit the beat of the best employees to their participation, in the other worlds they create a lot of job opportunity. It solves the problem of employment, and thats why Singapores unemployment rate so low. The Manpower look for Statistics Department (2015) shows that Singapores unemployment rates in 2012 to 2014 are 2.0%, 1.9% and 2.0%. Those salute Singapore job market are not too much unemployed people, its beneficial to maintain social stability and growing.ChallengesWith the develop ment of the economics, antithetical issues and problems will emerge in the market such as 1997 Asian economics crisis and 2007 American Subprime mortgage crisis. People cannot predicate these economics crises, they just can try their best to decrease economics crises disablement to the economy and revive the economics as soon as possible. The akin as the banking and finance services sectors, these sectors will be the first industry affected. In that period of time, umpteen people was fired by the company so that the company can save more money and especially, Singapore stock market also affected by the economics crises, many companies and investors passing money.Inmoderntimes, everyone get a smartphone and people use Internet to communicate, but its very dangerous when you use Internet to transfer document or money. They dont need to go to rob the bank to get money or even know the details of the targets they can get everything through the Internet. The chewer can hack the Inte rnet and tally all the information in your account, and after that they will steal or sell your information to the market. The report said that (Jones, 2013), the police conservatively count on that the group of five men from Russia and Ukraine helped steal at least clx million payment mental capacity numbers, resulting in losses in plain of $300 million. Therefore, its very risky to transfer through the Internet, but its the future of the banking and finance services sectors.When the foreign companies join the Singapore market, there must turn in more competitions to the local company. When the foreign banks mother to Singapore, the costumer have more choices to choose which one to use and which one they will get more benefit. In the other word, the number of the customers will decrease. When Citibank, standard chartered bank and HSBC etc. arrest into Singapore, the POSB, DBS and OCBC etc. possess some certain of impact and loss. This will be a grand challenge that banking need to fact it, as well as the financial services.Strategic planningWhen banking and finance services sectors start their business, they need to have a scheme so that while the business encounter the risky, the company can loss lesser. First they need to study and analysis the high developed in each continent. Secondly, they can predicate the future drift so that can prepare the back-up plan in case of an emergency, it benefits these sectors run their company while the economics crises come, and prevent the company become funny house when it comes, the employee and top manager can run as they plan that they did in advanced. In the plan, if the company has to reduce a surplus, they can use chase ways, downsizing, demotions, early retirement and demotions. These methods can reduce companys outgo and the company can use this money to other ways, its the best way to reduce the damage from the economics crises.When the banking and finance services sectors use the Internet to transa ction, they need to ensure their Internet is undecomposed and need to cow chip the firewall is work so that kill the virus and stop the hacker hack in the system or not the company will loss millions of money. After the company releases the application for the services, they need to guarantee that the application is safe enough otherwise the costumers will ask the company compensation for their loss. The company needs to fix the bug immediately when costumers feedback the problem to the company in case the sorry seizes the opportunity to steal the money and information. In the meantime, the company can work with cyber-police it can avoid the cyber-crime effectively. When the cyber-crime happen, the company need to catch cyber-police immediately, tell each details to them so that cyber-police can trace criminals trace.The situation of the local company will become more and more difficult while the foreign company come to deal out the market together. When the company competes wi th local and foreign company, they need to release more and more convenience and cheaper services so that to attract more and more costumers use your service. In order to hoisting agonisticness, OCBC publish a card called nonnegative Visa Credit Card, the owner of this kind of credit card can enjoy a lot of promotion in varied places, for example the costumers pay by this credit card with 5% rack up everything at FairPrice and FairPrice Online, 18.3% fuel savings and earn Smiles Points at Esso, 3% run into at Popular, etc. (OCBC, n.d.).ConclusionMAS stand for Monetary Authority of Singapore, which is a central bank of Singapore. MAS is the place that to promote sustainednon-inflationary economic growth,anda sound and continuous tense financial center, therefore from 1987 MAS started to enact different act so that Singapore market can develop healthily and rapidly. In these act, MAS manage the different kinds of statutes pertaining to money, banking, insurance, securities and t he financial sector in general, as well ascurrency issuance. It leads a achievement road for those banking and finance services sectors, and also provide a program to them, let them to discuss and determined the important movement to the Singapore market. Singapores successful cannot leave the MAS.Banking and finance services sectors is one of the study contribution to Singapores GDP, therefore it definitely has a capital future. But in the meantime, these sectors should prevent the crisis from occurring in the first place. They need to checker from the pervious fall away and also learn from other country exchangeable America, China, Ireland, etc. so that these sectors will not make the same mistake that happened before. In the future, the government should publish a safe platform so that the commercial tenant can trade on it and no need to worried about the cyber-crime. And more and more company will come to Singapore to start their branch company, there will more competitiv e and contribute higher GDP to Singapore together.

Analysing The World Intellectual Property Organization Economics Essay

Analysing The military man Intellectual topographic point arranging frugals EssayAccording to thedefinitionof the ground Intellectual Property judicature (WIPO), apt topographic point now applies to creations of mind or invention literary and artistic buy the farms and symbols, names, images, and jut outs drilld in commerce. Leg every last(predicate)y, smart plaza includes procures, trading secrets, denounces, and copy rightly. Scholars prefer an even broader view of intellect shoes. They prefer a definition that includes individual creativity and kindlyly adopted innovations, as tumefy up as collective know conductge (Gollin, 2007).Intellectual dimension rights (IPR) ar legal entitlements given by governments at bottom their mentionive sovereignties that show ostensible, trademark, and secure owners the unshargond right to exploit their intelligent be presbyopicings (IP) for a veritable period. Defined a nonher(prenominal) way, IPR, broadly, be rights disposed(p) to people who create and own works that argon the result of human apt creativity. Themain dexterous plaza rights be secure, overts, trade marks, design rights, defense from passing off, and the surety of confidential information.IP is norm wholey classified into two categories namely industrial seat and copyright. industrial topographic point includes inventions (patents), industrial designs and trademarks and copyright comprises of musical works, literary works standardized novels and poems and artistic works like photography, paintings and sculptures for instance. The basic rationale for IPR apology is to provide an in centive for innovation by concedeing IP owners an opportunity to re consider their cost of research and reading (NERA Economic Consulting).COPYRIGHTAs pointed out above, IP gage be divided into two categories namely industrial property and copyright. secure assures legal protection for literary works (for example poems, books and bourgeon scripts), musical works, artistic works (such(prenominal) as paintings and sculptures), photography, computer softw ar and cinematographic works. Copyright truth is meant to protect authors by giving them special rights to commercialize copies of their work in whatever material form (printed publication, audio recording, film, broadcast and so on) is being pr identification numbericed to communicate their creative expressions to the public. Even though adaptation is not normally necessary, it is prudent for authors to comport their name put on the work. Nonetheless, legal protection includes the expression of the ideas contained, not the ideas themselves. Copyright offers owners exclusive rights, normally for the length of the authors life plus 50 years. As for audio recordings, copyright is usually bestowed for 50 years and is accessible to the author or political party in charge for creating the recording.Authorization is probable to involve payment of royalties. Th ese are known as moral rights and stay with the author even if the last mentioned get rid ofs the copyright to somebody else. Economic rights brook the rights owner to obtain pecuniary compensation from the exploitation of his/her works by others. Copyright owners are granted rental rights in revision to receive royalties for commercial rental of their works.industrial PROPERTYindustrial property is clear specified in the genus Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Article 1 (3)) Industrial property shall be on a lower floors withald in the broadest sense and shall apply not hardly to effort and commerce proper, but likewise to agricultural and extractive industries and to all fabricate or natural products, for example, wines, grain, tobacco leaf, fruit, cattle, minerals, mineral waters, beer, flowers, and flour. Industrial property takes a wide array of forms. These consist of patents to protect inventions and industrial designs, which are visual cr eations establishing the appearance of industrial products. Industrial property in addition includes trademarks, serving marks, layout-designs of coordinated circuits, commercial names and designations, as well as geographical indications, and protection against unfair competition. In some of these, the aspect of rational creation, although existent, is less clearly defined. What matters here is that the object of industrial property typically consists of signs conveying information, peculiarly to consumers, as regards products and work offered on the market. Protection is in melted against unauthorized apply of such signs likely to deceive consumers, and against deceptive practices in ecumenic.TrademarksA trademark is a sign which helps in making the distinction of the goods or services of one comp each from those of another. Such signs may use words, letters, numerals, pictures, shapes and colors, as well as any faction of the above. It usually consists of a distinctive design, word, or phrases, generally placed on the product label and sometimes exhibit in advertisements. For example, LOreal is a trademark that stack only be utilize on products produced by the LOreal Company.A lot of countries are now allowing for the registration of less conventional forms of trademark, such as three-dimensional signs (like the Fanta bottle or Toblerone chocolate bar), audible signs (sounds, such as the roar of the lion that precedes films produced by MGM), or olfactory signs (smells, such as perfumes). But many another(prenominal) countries earn laid down perimeters as to what may be registered as a trademark, generally consenting to only signs that are visually perceptible or can be re fork uped graphically.When utilized in association with the market of the goods, the sign may appear in advertisements, for example in recentspapers or on television, or in the windows of the shops in which the goods are sold. Trademarks facilitate the extract to be made by the consumer when buying certain products or employ certain services. The trademark helps the consumer to identify a product or service which was already familiar to him or which was advertised. The owner of a registered trademark has an exclusive right as far as his mark is concerned. It gives him the right to use the mark and to prevent unauthorized use of it.PatentsLegal action can be undertaken against those who violate the patent by copying the invention or selling it without authorization from the patent owner. Patents can be bought, sold, hired, or licensed. When doing a patent industriousness, some criteria need to be satisfied. The patent examiners should be positive(p) that the invention isSeveral types of patent may be granted (Lesser 1991, p. 14)Uses covers a precise use only. Hence, it would cover the above drug uniquely as a cure for cancer and not for any uses that are subsequent discovered.Products-by- execute consists of only products manufactured by the pro cess described in the application. Therefore, it would cover the drug, but only when manufactured by a situation process.It mustiness be noted that not all inventions that satisfy the above conditions can seek protection by patent. In many countries, medicines and genetically limited organisms cannot be patented at all. There are variations in depicted object patent laws because each country has its own preferences when it comes to defining what inventions may be patented and these laws normally conform to the countrys perceived topic interest.HISTORY OF IPRSince the premiere intellectual property presidential term came into existence in the West, humanity has at rest(p) done nearly intravenous feeding hundred years. In the nearly four hundred years of history, intellectual property rights take a crap completed their diversity from feudal power to peoples private rights. Today, it is irrefutable that the revolution brought by IPR has not only broadened the conventional co ntent of property rights dodge, but also led the intellectual property system to become the worlds most significant property rights system, and also made a deep stir on public in the 21st century. However, the emergence of this unsanded piece system is not a straightforward process. With the advent of new technologies and human cognitive aptitude, as an accomplish to remnant the private rights and public interests, the intellectual property system has forever stumbled upon challenges and disagreements.The IP system was put upoff introduced in the west and was later base throughout the world. For the IPR system, Patent law is the first system to be introduced in the world. The coming out of the patent system gave birth to human intellectual property system. The United States even established the principle of protection of patented applied science in the Constitution, made patent protection to the height to innate level.The history of copyrights has some strong monarchi cal power background. Before the ascendent of the copyright system, many countries contain had long-standing system of printing privileges. According to this franchise system, the king can grant a printed right to license the printer rather than the copyright owners. In 1709, Britain build the first modern copyright law the Queen Anne Act. Following this, the United Kingdom, France and Germany set up the copyright system respectively. Under the influence of these countries as a pioneer, the copyright system has been gradually ac knowledged by Governments. Trademarks originated in Spain. The trademark system in the modern sense started in the 19th century. In 1857, France established the first legal system in the world to protect trademarks. Consequently, the trademark system rapidly grew in other parts of the world.Many countries accepted and utilise a variety of forms of intellectual property rights in assorted get down and evolution. At the same time, new types of intelle ctual property rights catch act to be progressively incorporated into the system of intellectual property rights. exclusively these emergences reveal that the historical development of the intellectual property system has asleep(p) through a stage of steady development. By the end of the eighties, the new trend of civil legislation began to emerge. Many countries tried to develop the label of intellectual property or incorporate intellectual property law into the Civil Code. These activities started out a wave of codification of intellectual property rights.Since the late 19th century onwards, along with the new technological development and the ex focus of spherical trade, intellectual property transactions in the outside(a) arena have also started with the formation and development. At the same time, in that location was a big contradiction mingled with external demand for intellectual property rights and neck of the woodsal constraints. In order to find a closure to this contradiction, some countries have signed the world(prenominal) Convention for the protection of intellectual property, and established a number of global or regional inter matter organizations. A system of foreign protection of intellectual property rights was set up in the world.The convention of Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property(set up by France, Germany, Belgium, and 10 other countries and launched in 1883) is the first international convention in protecting IP. Berne Convention for the Protection of literary and Art is the first international convention about copyright. The establishment of International Conventions specified that the intellectual property system had reached the international stage. Among them, approved under the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1993, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights musical arrangement(TRIPS) succeeded to come to conclusion between develop country and offshoot country, which amplified the national standards of protection of intellectual property rights to a unified high-pitcheder platform. to a greater extent about these regulatory bodies and agreements ordain be discussed afterwards.In this new century, intellectual property rights system is facing new challenges. The adverse effects of intellectual property system are appearing slowly. In some underdeveloped countries, the protection of IPR has brought about the exorbitant cost of some medicines and other necessities the expenditure of some products with IPR is so high that it cannot meet the needs of people in difficulty. To solve these problems, developed countries have begun a new set of amendments to the legislative activities of the intellectual property system. New laws and regulations continue to be adopted, and the scope of intellectual propertys objects has continued to grow.In spite of this, the concern for IPR system has become an charitable trend. Developed countries take its m onopoly of march on scientific knowledge as an enticing weapon for applied science leadership. Developing countries take the absorbing and creating knowledge as an important way to catch up with developed countries. It can be anticipated, that the next era is not only to develop and possess social substantial resources, but also to develop and possess mortal knowledge resources. Moreover, with the expansion of global frugal integration, the international process of intellectual property system will definitely speed up. Protection of intellectual property rights has not only become the compulsory conditions of a country to get on scotch development, but also it is considered a prerequisite so as to maintain international combativeness.IPR IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIESAs a social system stimulating innovation, the intellectual property system has been established in the westbound countries at first, and has later spread in the world. Walking along with its historical development, the course of intellectual property system in Western countries has gone through three main stages which called as germination stage, development and internationalization stages. Intellectual property, possibly a current phenomenon and perhaps too narrative to some, nevertheless has portrayed western sandwich economics, multi national co-operations and supported western economic colonization.As discussed previously, IPR was and still is a controversial subject. While europium may have fared fairly well in comparison with the US, problems are rising in the EU as well. From an economic perspective, there is a need for harmonizing European administrative and legal practices in the area of IPRs slice increasing the quality standards used in these system. Moreover, a new balance between the owners of rights and users of the protected subject matter needs to be found in many fields.With its Lisbon Agenda, the European Union has nurtured a emerging vision of a region concentrating on learn ing and innovation so as to sustain high levels of productivity and wealth. To attain these objectives, EU policies will need to invoke innovation and encourage investments in new and to a greater extent competent products, processes and organizational routines. Intellectual property plays an important part in this vision, and in several areas, the EU has embarked on a course meant to honor rights that foster innovation.Examples of some controversies in Europe involve the arguments on copyright and Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems, on the protection of computer software through patents and/or copyright, and the degree of patent protection for biotechnological inventions.In many jurisdictions, the rights of IPR owners have been reinforced as compared to the rights of other parties. Wholly new IPRs (such as for database protection) have been formulated. These amendments have brought about a number of policy issues.Patent systems are under strain not just in Europe, but in oth er countries as well. Like in the US, both patent submissions and patent grants at the EPO have increased lots faster than Research and victimisation (RD) inputs in OECD countries. From 1990 to 2000, EPO patent applications rose from 70,955 to 145,241 (an average growth rate of 7.4 per cent per annum) while OECD RD inputs grew from $398 to $555 billion which reveals an average annual growth of 3.4 per cent. As for the factual grant rate (the share of patent applications leading to a patent grant) remained almost stable at about 65 percent for patents with application years from 1978 to 1995.There are three major obstacles to the future design of European IPR policies, the first being harmonization. If the EU wants to become a region focusing on innovation without being bothered by national barriers, there is definitely a need for coming up with rattling European IPR policies and institutions. That comprises of harmonized interpretation of IPR laws, harmonized woo proceedings and the place setting up of legal institutions which resolve baptisterys that have been very much controversial.A second significant criterion is the focus on balance. The naive judgment that more than(prenominal) and stronger IPRs are always excellent for innovation has been contested by scientists in empirical and theoretical work over the last decades. ease in copyrights means that fair use of rights of consumers have to be considered seriously.Third, IPRs that are granted on the basis of an examination process should be of high quality in the sense that they create legal certainty, rather than uncertainty. European institutions, in particular the European Patent Office, should seek to grant high-quality patent rights which are based on tough standards for novelty and inventive step. contempt a complete array of rules on the protection of intellectual property, counterfeiting and plagiarisation have continued to rise in the world because offenders have the adventure of making considerable profits without risking any serious legal consequences. In July 2005, the Commission presented a double proposal for adirective and aCouncil framework decision aimed at introducing criminal sanctions for IPR incursions.The general penalty is for the court to grant damages to the patent owner, requiring the offender to pay a certain amount of money to the patent owner.IPR IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIESCountries vary to a great extent concerning the protection and enforcement of IPR, with evolution countries being normally associated with much lower standards for IPR protection than developed countries.This amount does not take into amity any imitation of products manufactured and consumed in the same country or counterfeit digital products sold over the Internet. more or less of the theoretical belles-lettres considers a stylized world with a technologically developed magnetic north and a less technologically developed south-central. These models are based on the premis e set forth in Chin and Grossman (1988) where the North innovates and the southwesterly imitates the Northern technologies. The main finding of Chin and Grossman (1988) was that a persistent tension exists between the North and the South-while the North innovates, the South chooses low levels of IPR protection because it benefits from the advanced(a) output of the North.The dig for the execution of appropriate intellectual property rights in the developed countries is dismissed since the advanced countries faced a menace to their pioneering technological and non- technological innovations and their commercialization in the exploitation nations.Subsequently, ontogenesis countries have long been demanded by developed nations to implement intellectual property rights. The central agreement by the developed nations is to protect the innovations in the less developed nations from the punishable counterfeiting and copying. The discussion between both parties, that is, industrializ ed countries and maturation countries is getting profound since the last two decades. The developing countries are parted over the debate due to their economic conditions, FDI and technological sophistication. The concern for the developing countries is the eventual economic repercussions for the implementation of such intellectual property rights in their respective countries. The case can be even harsher for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), where intellectual property rights are seen as the origin for the high technology cost and barriers for technology access to public.On the other hand however, increased technology transfer with foreign direct investment may somehow validate such regime. But such profitable offers as substitute for IPR in the developing nations, according to some developing countries, are in view of the developed countries benefits and they would be unable to heighten the economic conditions in the developing countries from their present conditions. The s ocial benefits obtained from certain economic systems, established in the advanced nations may not affect the social systems of the developing nations as wished for. So far, variant measures, oddly led by the United States have actually compelled the implementation for the intellectual property rights in the developing countries, exclusively backed by the strong business communities in the United States.REGULATORY BODIESThere is a need for IPR because, without them, a piece of potentially important information would be subject to overuse, to the point that access to it is not costly, from the perspective of its development and expansion. This use would quickly exhaust the economic worth of the information, limiting fillips to produce it. The demarcation line between the mounting need for international exploitation of intellectual assets and the territorial (and often underdeveloped) nature of rights to do so resulted in huge pressures for general change in recent years. These p ressures triggered broad bilateral, regional, and multilateral negotiations on IPRs, which engendered a significant expansion of required minimum standards, especially in developing economies and countries in transition.The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is an international organization set up to ensure that the rights of creators and owners of intellectual property are esteem throughout the world and that inventors and authors are thus recognized and rewarded for their ingenuity. As a specialized organization of the United Nations, WIPO exists as a forum for its constituent States to create and synchronize rules and practices to protect intellectual property rights. Most advanced nations have protection systems that are centuries old. Many new and developing countries, however, are now building up their patent, trademark and copyright laws and systems. With the rapid globalisation of trade during the last decade, WIPO plays an important role in helping these new systems progress through treaty negotiation, legal and technical assistance, and training in various forms, including in the area of force outening of intellectual property rights. WIPO also caters for international registration systems for patents, trademarks, appellations of origin and industrial designs. These hugely simplify the process for concurrently seeking intellectual property protection in a lot of countries. Instead of having to file national applications in different languages, these systems allow applicants to file a single application, in one language, and to pay a single application fee.In the 1990s the world has shifted radically toward an international system of IPRs.Apprehensions about the piracy and forgery of intellectual property have been increasingly raised in developed countries, where much of the intellectual property is located. As a solution to these concerns, the protection of intellectual property was a major area of negotiation at the Uruguay Round o f the General proportionateness on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The result of the negotiations was the founding of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to govern the GATT, the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the General arrangement on Trade in Services (GATS).The TRIPS Agreement is an integral and de jure binding part of the WTO that requires all member countries (142 countries as of July 2001) to 12 grant patents for inventions in all fields of technology. It requires them to protect course of studyt varieties either by patents, by an effective sui generis system or by a combination of both. Adherence to the TRIPS agreement for most, if not all member countries, means introducing more severe intellectual property protection (IPP). This is expected to have extended consequences on the international transfer of technology and trade relationship between the developed and developing countries, especially in agricultural research.Finally, in respect to the round and costly institutional and legal changes these provisions need in countries with restricted IPR systems, transition periods are granted. General obligations (national treatment and MFN) were to be in operation(p) immediately upon the implementation of the WTO. Developing countries and countries in transition should meet the exposit obligations indoors five years (that is, by January 1, 2000) and least-developed countries must meet them within eleven years (by January 1, 2006). The latter countries may, upon request to the TRIPS Council, be given extensions for an unspecified period, signifying that they have been given an opt-out procedure. Countries are free to accelerate their adherence to TRIPS.The TRIPS Agreement leads in a new global framework for IPRs. It clearly built up minimum standards for protection, moving the system closer to harmonization, and inclines the balance of economic rewards toward innovational interests and away from counterfeiting and imitat ion. The TRIPS Agreement provides minimum national standards for levels of protection to the creators of intellectual property. Article 27.1 of this Agreement requires members to provide for patents for all inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology.BENEFIT OR DETRIMENT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?The net economic effect on developing nations from establishing and protecting IPR is not completely obvious. Some have insisted that strengthening IPR protection will improve economic growth and wellbeing in developing nations, and others argue that it will be unfavorable, thereby diminishing overall welfare. Among the possible cost of this type of policy are decreased incomes in industries that depend on copying the products of industrialized nations and the associate increases in the prices of protected commodities. For example, increasing IPR protection in the less-developed countries can promote innovation in there.Certainly there are certain short-run costs linked with intellectual property rights for the developing nations, like higher(prenominal) prices for the technology and protected goods. Given this, the case for tighter intellectual property rights in these countries must rely on long term benefits like spiffing technology or foreign direct investment inflows and bigger incentive to national innovation.FDI inflows in a country come mostly in the form of Multinational Corporations (MCs). MCs are able to stay really competitive when they are successful in transferring IP and other intangible assets to their global locations of operations. These sources of competitive advantage can be anything from a proprietary manufacturing plan for semiconductors to a cleaning solvent formula. But before taking any decision to set up any assets in a country, transnational managerial committees should analyze whether the country where they are going to transfer their technology has appropriate IPR to protect the organization against offenders a nd imitators.Studying the impact of more squiffy IPR protection in a less technologically developed South (developing countries) on welfare in both the North (developed countries) and the South, Diwan and Rodrik (1991) found that net-innovation consuming countries (the South) were only motivated to safeguard IPR if the type of innovation demanded was different from the type demanded in the net-innovation-producing countries (the North).Evenson (1992) refers to these middle-income countries as being in the technology draught, because they tend to focus RD efforts on adaptation, imitation, and reverse engineering. As economies become more innovative at the uppermost levels of income, patent protection tends to increase dramatically.According to World Bank Global Economic Perspective, there are certain particular reasons for advanced countries, and interestingly for the developing nations to follow the TRIPS agreement, that is, it may offer developing countries improved access to agri cultural and apparel markets in prosperous nations, an mind-set that tighter IPR would also promote further technology transfer and innovation. However, according to World Bank, the guarantee for durable benefits seems doubtful and costly to accomplish in many countries, especially the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Moreover, the administrative costs and tribulations with higher prices for medicines and all-important(a) technological inputs loom large in the minds of policy makers in developing nations. Many are favoring considerable provisions in the agreement. Some developing countries also applied for the provisions in implementation for the patent protection, particularly in pharmaceutical industry.In developing countries, the lack of international IPR protection has helped in creating massive employment. India is one of the leaders in reproducing medicines and drugs manufactured by foreign companies. The reason it can do so is because Indias patent act forbids product pate nts for any invention intended for use or surefooted of being used as a food, medicine, or drug or relating to substances prepared or produced by chemical processes. This in return has cast out effects on the international pharmaceutical industry. The US pharmaceutical industry is estimated to incur annual goinges of $450 million due to imitation. It would prove to be very costly for these countries to adopt the IPR laws overnight in its totality. This would mean loss of job for many inadequate access to medicines and drugs for needy people and all these could eventually lead to social unrest.Countries with weak IPR protection are well positioned to gain an immediate benefit to lower-priced goods or technologies. Countries with lack of strong IPR protection must therefore compare these benefits with the loss of international willingness to invest resources or develop products, as well as lessened innovative commodities within the country.Maskus (2000) notes three potential costs namely1. Higher prices for imported products and new technologies under IPR protection2. Loss of economic activity, by the closure of onomatopoetic activities.3. The possible abuse of protection by the patent holders, especially large foreign companies.Some countries have accepted to adhere to TRIPS in order to benefit from concessions in other (non-technological) fields of economic activity, such as more aid, freer and greater access to developed country markets for key exports and so on. Whether they really benefited in these ways stays an open question, since neither the costs nor the benefits of TRIPS associated concessions have been appropriately calculated. Nonetheless such implementation would also fuel the local innovation in the developing nations, permitting them to import the foreign technologies and have hands-on experience in learning and using the technologies.In addition, the strength and efficiency of enforcement efforts also differ with economic development stages. This reveals both a reluctance to bear the expensive administrative expenses related with enforcement and the incapacity to traction many of the complex technical and judicial matters linked with the use and infringement of IPRs. However, there is an essential tradeoff between the market power caused by stronger IPRs, which are likely to improve the ability of firms to fragment markets and limit trade, and the market-expansion impact of increasing the costs of counterfeit activity.Detractors of the TRIPs Agreement claim that the step towards more rigid IPR may harm poor

Humans are More Alike than Unlike :: essays papers

Humans are More Alike than un besidesI looked up the passage I was going and back the flair I had came since I was not satisfied I stepped off the road and created a new path(Maya Angelou) Humans are more alike than unlike. Once we in America grasp this construct only than depart we began to create a new path for the world we belong.Many propagation the word mutation rings in my ear like an pain telephone that I do not want to answer. Sometimes I feel as we are caught up in a diversity s open firedal attending diversity days, diversity workshops, and taking diversity classes only if to say we are trying to do something just about our racial worry we have in America.Personally I had to step away from these things to re-evaluate my beliefs and value about my fellow brothers and sisters of my world. I was one of those people who was caught up in the going to the workshops and doing the trainings and not doing the work within myself. I had to realize that human are more alike than unlike. When I truly adopted this concept and lived it I finally began to accept that in order for us public to live together we have to trust, accept and honor one another. payload starts within yourself. Once you commit yourself to a cause such as diversity it becomes necessary part of your life just as feeding and sleeping. Finally when I figured out it was not the talk and the walk that made the difference I became more passionate about my cause. Being passionate made it easier to tell people what diversity and multicultralism was and what it meant to me. You can talk to you are blue in the face but what you live is truly how people learn, we learn through example. I learned a long time ago that I can not surrender the world but if I reach one person and they motley their ways that one person whitethorn reach 10,000 others. That is what fighting for compare means to me. Truly that is what this game is all about changing lives and realizing you may never change the liv es of the masses but you continue to fight for comparison through diversity.I have dreamed of a world where everyone is equalize and I have accomplished in my world this very dream. However, when we in America get and live this concept I have continually talked of throughout this essay only than will there ever be true change in the equality of people in our country.

Environmentally Friendly Golf Courses Essay -- Environment Golf Enviro

Golf Courses do More Environmentally Friendly Through the Advancement of TechnologyThe adult male race has inhabited this planet for only a small windowpane in the geological time scale, however, the advances and changes in lifestyle that man baffle made throughout the course of history are amazing. The field of engineering is by the far the most interesting aspect of humankind societal growth because it is our ability to build these products that separates from the other species we share this planet with. It is great(p) to believe that at one point there was no electricity, no telephone, no internet or even no cars, but humans have developed all of these technological innovations which improve and facilitate our way of life. With all these new inventions and magical miracle products it is possible to loose track of what actually makes this planet so special and that is the environment which surrounds us each day. atomic number 18 these new technological ideas harmful t o the environment? Is the rapid growth and increase of such technologies so quick that we have no idea how the products impart affect the environment 5 years from now, let alone 25 years from now? The preeminent and most beneficial technologies are those which are environmentally safe and consider the consequences of their usage. By developing technologies that have a positive effect on the environment we are ensuring the existence of the human race and other species long after we have died.One of the solid grounds oldest and most prestigious sports is known as the gentlemans game or golf, as it is more commonly referred to, and there is no doubt that with the addition of Tiger Woods to the PGA Tour that golf in America is on the rise and is a booming industry. America has everyplace 180... ...aping Application. http//www.epa.gov/GreenScapes/pubs/compost.pdf. Accessed 5/1/04.7 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. North Shore ground Club A Greener Green. http//www.epa.gov/ GreenScapes/projects/nscclub.htm. Accessed 5/1/04.8 Paskvan, Craig. Fertilizers for the upcoming year. http//www.golfprohelp.com/Articles/Fertilizers_For_The_Upcoming_Year.asp. Accessed 5/13/04.9 Hunter Golf Vista Central Control System. http//www.huntergolf.com/downloads/pdfs/glit020w.pdf. Accessed 5/1/04.10 The American orderliness of Golf Course Architects. The Links at Spanish Bay. http//www.golfdesign.org/public/connect/home.html?c=73622156&pageid=11689. Accessed 5/1/04.11 The American Society of Golf Course Architects. Santa Clara Golf & Tennis Club. http//www.golfdesign.org/public/connect/home.html?c=73622156&pageid=11677. Accessed 5/1/04.

Lamuel Gulliver Essay -- essays research papers

Lamuel GulliverJonathan Swift is wiz of the best known satirists in the history of literature. When one reads his works, especially something like Gullivers Travels, it is easy for one to spot the cynical themes, which emerge within his characterization. Lamuel Gulliver is an excellent protagonist a keen observer, and a good representative of his native England, but one who loses faith in mankind as his story progresses. He ends up in hostile areas of the world all by accidents in his voyages. In each trip, he is shipwrecked and mysteriously arrives to lands never before seen by men. This forms an interesting rhythm in the novel as Gulliver is given more and more responsibility, he tends to be less and less in control. In his encounter with the Lilliputians, Gulliver shows himself to be kind, honorable, and generous. notwithstanding the Lilliputians are prideful, greedy, and cruel in response to him he always manages to be peaceful with them. For example, when the Lilliputians an d the people of Blefuscu (the British and the French in reality) go to war, Gulliver ties a knot to each of the Blefuscan ships and brings them together to the Lilliputian king. Then both of the countries negotiate and settle peace. Thus, Gulliver stops the friction between the two countries and establishes everlasting peace. This mark a characteristic of wisdom within Gulliver and the apple on his riddle signifies this quality.&n...

Ernest Hemingways Indian Camp Essay -- Ernest Hemingway, Indian Camp

Ernest Hemingway Indian CampFrom a fishing charge the local doctor is summoned to an Indian villageto assist a cleaning lady in labour. With him atomic number 18 his young son and an oldermale relative. Although completely wo custody helped the pregnant Indian woman,the men moved off up the passage. They need non to hear her screaming.The men are fed up with it. Maybe it is also an Indian ritual that whole women are allowed to guarantee the woman being in labour. The Indiansare not interest in the childbirth. Hemingway brought a metaphor indark. It shows that all is very breathed and not allowed to see, thatthere are secrets perchance. So you see that the Indian men distance upfrom the pregnant woman making such biggish noise. They want silence andthat everything is over now. In opposite to it the doctor, gougesfather, says But her screams are not important. I dont hear thembecause they are not important. It depend on his job. Probably hehears everyday such screams and it is nothing new to him, it is onlythe noise concerning the birth. So he does not care about it. Nickasks his father Oh, Daddy cannot you give her something to make herstop screaming? Of course, the screams are no good and I think, Nickalso cares about her and want that she has no much irritation. But heunderstands what his father says and try to turn off it. Nick is alittle boy who does not no how the pain of a labour is, so it isunderstandable.The physician assesses the situation in the closed, acerbic hut anddetermines that his only option is section-with a pen knife andfishing leader as his instruments, and no anaesthesia for the Indianwoman. It is the most rough way of operation, you see. But theIndian woman has to grateful to have such big help by the ... ...e. When he saying the throat that had been deoxidize from ear to ear he wants thatNick is going out, but he saw everything. The father was of courseproud to have a louse up with his wife, he loved, but the pain an d theshame to know that he could not help was definitely to much for him.It is hard to judge about it, if it was approve to bring Nick with to theIndians. Of course it was a special event in his flavor. First he sawhow life is born and how fast life is over. So he asked also Is dyinghard, Daddy? The reader visiting card that the boy is thinking about it andwant to get a substantive answer. In this clip being in the hut he sawa lot and I think that Nick needs time to digest it and realize it aswell. The father thought that it was mistake, but maybe for the futureis was not wrong to see the circle of life. And he felt quite surethat he would never die.

The Character of Sméagol in Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings Essay

The Character of Smagol in Tolkiens The nobleman of the foretells Although JRR Tolkien is infamous for his numerous, and often seemingly irrelevant, minor character references - the necessity of an index of names in The Return of the King proves this without a doubt - one of the most all-important(a) and fascinating characters of The nobleman of the evades physically appears in barely more than than one-sixth of the novel. The character Smagol, often referred to by his alter self-importance Gollum, on a basic level serves only to guide Frodo and surface-to-air missile to Mordor, as wellhead as to destroy the Ring when Frodo cannot. However, in the line of products of doing so, we are revealed, hint by hint, of the enigmatic and contradictory character who hates the Ring and loves the Ring - just as he hates and loves himself (Sibley 170). In The Lord of the Rings, JRR Tolkien uses the character Smagol, forged from a collection of historical and historically myt hologic tales, as a foil for the central hero Frodo Baggins as well as the Christian example of hope, despite the spotful corruption of evil. Tolkien, Oxfords Rawlinson and Bosworth professor of Anglo-Saxon, was an avid fan of score the ancient past of his beloved atomic number 63 fascinated him to such a degree that it is little wonder the history of Middle-Earth mirrors our own. Smagols lust for, reverence to, and even fear of the One Ring bases its roots, most especially, in the ancient practice of Dactyliomancy, or the use of go for divination and magic. In the first century AD, Apollonius of Tyana, a major work in the Gnostic religion and early alchemy, received seven peal from the Brahman Indian prince Iarchus, which he believed gave him healing powers if he would revere them as divine... and... ...ous power of evil, but the everlasting, and far greater, power of good. Works Cited Bruner, Kurt, and Jim Ware. Finding God in The Lord of the Rings. Illinois Tyndale House, Publishers Inc, 2001. 69, 89. Chance, Jane. The Lord of the Rings The Mythology of Power. New York Twayne Publishers, 1992. 34, 102. Day, David. Tolkiens Ring. New York Barnes and Noble Books, 1999. 22-23, 50-51, 88, 154. Sibley, Brian. The Lord of the Rings The Making of the Movie Trilogy. New York Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. 170, 171. Tolkien, JRR. The Letters of JRR Tolkien. Ed. Humphrey Carpenter. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1981. 330. - - - . The Lord of the Rings. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993. 68, 643, 659, 979. Tyler, JEA. The Tolkien Companion. New York St. Martins Press, 1976. 446, 454.

Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI :: History Economics Malasya Essays

Malayan scotch constitution and FDIBACKGROUND AND COUNTRY ATTRACTIVENESS. Malaysia is the second fastest growth prudence in the reciprocal ohm East Asiatic region with an fairish Gross bailiwick Product (GNP) growth of eight-plus share per year in the last septet years. Since independence in 1957, Malaysia has moved from an agriculturally based economy to a more than diversified and export oriented one. The Malaysian mart is fairly openly oriented, with tariffs only averaging approximately fifteen percent and al nearly non-existent non-tariff barriers and foreign reciprocation controls. The open trade based economy is back up by the incident that the total two way trade around amounts to 120 percent of the GNP (1994). Together with a stable semipolitical environment, increasing per capita in line up, and the say-so for regional integration throughout the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Malaysia is an cunning prospect for FDI (refer to Tables 1, 2, 3 and Graph 1 for relevant stinting indicators). Until 1993, foreign enthronization contributed 60% of all investing in Malaysia. FDI grew potently in the late 1980s to reach a peak of RM17.7 billion in 1992. This was followed by a sharp brush aside to RM6 billion in 1993 due to the military man rececession, but rose once again to RM15.2 billion in 1994. Malaysia is among the top five recipients of foreign direct investment in the world and while in recent years it has come mainly from early(a) Asian countries, 1993 saw the US as the biggest inbound investor with RM1.7 billion. Japan and mainland China are clearly the largest overall investors with the US third, followed by France, Singapore and the UK (McLeman 1994, 19). The precept of this report is not to promote Malaysia as an attractive destination for transnational entities, but rather to analyze how Malaysias economic indemnity impacts upon FDI. Malaysia, perhaps, represents one of the most successful developing nat ions that has been able to effectively co-ordinated economic polity objectives with foreign funds, knowledge and networking throughout FDI (refer appendix 5). FDI in Malaysia is an important catalytic factor, increasing exports, knowledge and provides an economic vehicle towards the Malaysian 2020 vision. THE MALAYSIA PLAN AND THE youthful ECONOMIC POLICY FRAMEWORK The Malaysian judicature uses economic plan to achieve economic and socio-economic goals in close tackiness with the New Economic Policy (NEP) and the National Development Policy (NDP). The one-fifth Malaysia plan and the long-run Industrial Master Plan Malaysia, in particular, render specific prox objectives and economic trends.Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI History Economics Malasya EssaysMalaysian Economic Policy and FDIBACKGROUND AND COUNTRY ATTRACTIVENESS. Malaysia is the second fastest growing economy in the South East Asian region with an average Gross National Product (GNP) growth of eight-plus per cent per year in the last seven years. Since independence in 1957, Malaysia has moved from an agriculturally based economy to a more diversified and export oriented one. The Malaysian market is fairly openly oriented, with tariffs only averaging approximately fifteen percent and to the highest degree non-existent non-tariff barriers and foreign exchange controls. The open trade based economy is supported by the fact that the total two way trade almost amounts to 120 percent of the GNP (1994). Together with a stable political environment, increasing per capita income, and the potential for regional integration throughout the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Malaysia is an attractive prospect for FDI (refer to Tables 1, 2, 3 and Graph 1 for relevant economic indicators). Until 1993, foreign investment contributed 60% of all investment in Malaysia. FDI grew strongly in the late 1980s to reach a peak of RM17.7 billion in 1992. This was followed by a sharp drop to RM6 bi llion in 1993 due to the world rececession, but rose again to RM15.2 billion in 1994. Malaysia is among the top five recipients of foreign direct investment in the world and while in recent years it has come mainly from other Asian countries, 1993 saw the US as the biggest inward investor with RM1.7 billion. Japan and Taiwan are clearly the largest overall investors with the US third, followed by France, Singapore and the UK (McLeman 1994, 19). The rationale of this report is not to promote Malaysia as an attractive destination for multinational entities, but rather to analyze how Malaysias economic policy impacts upon FDI. Malaysia, perhaps, represents one of the most successful developing nations that has been able to effectively incorporate economic policy objectives with foreign funds, knowledge and networking throughout FDI (refer appendix 5). FDI in Malaysia is an important catalytic factor, increasing exports, knowledge and provides an economic vehicle towards the Malaysian 2 020 vision. THE MALAYSIA PLAN AND THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY FRAMEWORK The Malaysian government uses economic planning to achieve economic and socio-economic goals in close coherence with the New Economic Policy (NEP) and the National Development Policy (NDP). The Fifth Malaysia plan and the Long-term Industrial Master Plan Malaysia, in particular, indicate specific future objectives and economic trends.

King James 1 and the Church Essay example -- Essays Papers

power crowd 1 and the Church King James IV, of Scotland, seized the English lavatory in 1603 after the death of Elizabeth I and became James I of England. He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and had been King of Scotland the pitsce 1567. During his loom, James change magnitude the power of the monarchy making his rule absolute. James I was involved with either area of government. Under his rule Scotland and England were united, the King James Version of the news was published, William Shakespeare and various other writers prospered, education thrived, and the American colonies were founded.1 However, James faced numerous problems with unifying the government. One of the main problems was the religious conflict existing inside the Church of England. Anglicans and Puritans wanted the church organized in separate ways, just King James felt a unified state church would create a more powerful government God had disposed James the right to rule and therefore non-confor mity to religious policies was a sin against God. Although he wanted one state church, James believed compromise and acceptance would naturally drive citizens to become members, conforming to the policies of the Church of England. Throughout his reign James attempted to decrease religious tensions, as people hoped to adjoin their influence and role they played in the decisions of the church.There was a lucid split within the Church of England between the Puritans and the Anglicans. The Puritans were members of the Church of England, wanting reformation. They wished to go of some ceremonies and dogmas closely resembling those of the Catholic Church. Puritans were more devout Christians then uniform members. They believed the Sabbath should be strictly observe... ... wasnt completely unified, James did make changes that alter conditions. Since he wasnt completely intolerable of other viewpoints he created a strong central government for one of the first times in English histories. Notes1. Stephen A. Coston, King James I of England Interesting Facts (10/20/00) A.V. Publications Corp.2. S. J, Houstan, James I, 1st ed.. (Great BritainLowe and Brydone, 1973), 16.3. Houstan, 57.4. Antonia Fraser, King James I of England, 1st ed. (New YorkAlfred A. Knopf, 1975), 104.5. Fraser, 105.6. G.B. Harrison, A Jacobean Journal, 1st ed. (London George Routledge and Sons, 1941), 1057. Harrison, 106.8. Fraser, 117.9. Harrison, 152.10. Houstan, 61.11. Fraser, 182.12. Houstan, 63.13. Fraser, 182.

The Jamestown Settlement Essay -- American America History

The Jamestown SettlementA meeting of Europeans, headed by Bartholomew Gosnold, began planning a possible business venture that would send a group of colonists to what was already known as Virginia. Gosnold was apparently the driving force cigarette getting this operation in place. Gosnold was referred to as the first mover of this plantation by Captain John Smith.(Ward) Merchants from London, Bristol and Plymouth sponsored the voyage and persuaded King James to appointment a charter and letters of patent to create the Virginia political party. A eerie twist to the story was that the man who worked so hard to get this Company started, Gosnold, was unable to become a member but he did act to become appointed to the re brassnt council. Their job was to work with Virginia associates and be entangled in local affairs for the new colony. The Susan Constant, Discovery, and Godspeed were the three ships that set drag in for Virginia, from England in February of 1606. The commander of the three ships was Christopher Newport and not John Smith. In the archaean evening of May 13, the expedition reached a narrow pear-shaped peninsula active sixty miles up the river, here on the 1500-acre peninsula, it was decided to erect a fortified town to be called Jamestown.(Ward) They decided to give it the name Jamestown in honor of their king. As soon as they landed they began to build a fort in the form of a triangle. They constructed the fort in this agency for purposes of safety against the natives. A triangular fort gave them one less side that they could get attacked from. The land that they decided to build Jamestown on came with many problems. They could scantily have made a worse selection. The situation was extremely unhealthful, beingness low and expos... ...uperior weapons. In 1644, Opechancanough organized another mass attack, which would be his give-up the ghost attempt to drive the English away. 500 settlers were killed but the English, in topic won t he war. Opechancanough was captured and killed. The Powhatan villages were literally whipped out. By 1700, the Powhatan tribesman numbered only 1200 when in 1607 their population was estimated at 9000(Ward) Works Cited Pryor, Roger. (1907). The Birth of the Nation. New York, New York. The MacMillan Company. Ward, Harry. (1991). Colonial America, 1607-1763. Englewood, New Jersey. prentice Hall, Inc. Bridenbaugh, Carl. (1980). Jamestown 1544-1699. Oxford. Oxford University Press. Wertenbaker, Thomas. (1929). The First Americans. New York, New York. The MacMillan Company. Eggleston, Edward. (1930). Pocahontas. New York, New York. Dodd, Mead and Company.

Contrasting Poets Lawrence And Shapiro In Their Views Of Nature :: essays research papers fc

Contrasting Poets Lawrence and Shapiro in Their Views of NatureThroughout the history of literature, poetic views of disposition has evolvedthrough time. unitary of the most take issueing eras is the ordinal coke. With itsnon-classical views, the twentieth century is one of the most important eras.While the Victorian era practiced traditional values, the twentieth centuryinfluences techniques of fare and the loss of the beauty in nature. Poets of thesame century deem multiple views, many differing. Two major twentieth centurypoets ar D.H. Lawrence and Karl Shapiro. D.H. Lawrence loves and is in touchwith nature, while Karl Shapiro cares more of war and satires of government, not vainglorious practically thought to nature. Even though both poets share and differ in views,both are twentieth century poets.     The twentieth century lasted from 1900-1939. It began at the dawn of thenew century and in England, is set by the death of Queen Victoria. Readinga ttracted a large audience because of the dread(a) growth in educationopportunities (Granner, 616). One major downfall and chemical element of the twentiethcentury was World War I. This was had pulled up new root that were "buried inthe past," causing multiple conflicts between nations (Granner, 611). The warreflects the resentment and troubles put on twentieth century poetry. The poetswrote of science fiction, anti-war protagonists, and ridicule of authority. conduct poets in the twentieth century are D.H. Lawrence, James Joyce, JosephConrad, Dylan Thomas, and H.G. Wells.     D.H. Lawrence views on nature are more humanistic, rather than natural.He loves individuality and "inner ego" (Magill, 1686). His writing were purebecause of his adolescent puritan environment (Becker, 5). D.H. Lawrence,although in the twentieth century, is a die-hard romantic (Albright, 1). ToLawrence, nature was an item of beauty and creativity. He respects nature. InLa wrences poem, "The Sea," he humanizes the sea. He states that the sea is"celebate and single," referring to a person. He treats this part of nature asif it is a real person. He does his with heavy(p) passion showing his love fornature. He goes further stating, "Sea notwithstanding you are free, sophisticated." Hereagain one views the humanistic views upon nature. Nature to Lawrence is anindividual, hard to survive in this world of chaos. He refers to the sea as be a perfect individual. Throughout this poem, Lawrence constantly refers tonature as humanistic, much unlike most twentieth century poetry. He has thepassion and love that most poets of that century do not.     Karl Shapiro is another leading poet amongst the twentieth century.

inertia and car accidents Essays -- essays research papers

Exp 1Title Inertia and Car accidents.Aim To find out how inactivity plays a part in accidents.Materials 1.Wooden ramp, approx 1.5m long and 30cm wide.2.Bricks or wooden blocks3.2 dynamics, trolleys or toy cars4.Plasticine5.metre rule Method1. devil plasticine dummies weighing 20g each were made and placed on the trolleys.2.Trolley B was placed 30-40cm in front of the ramp.3.Trolley A was placed 100cm from the re question of the ramp. Directly in line with the other trolley.4.Trolley A was released and was let to collide into Trolley B, observations were made on what happened to the dummies.5.The experiment was repeated in two ways making sure everything was in the same place.Results Refer to table 1.Questions1.What happened to the clam up on trolley A during the collision? Did it move during the collision? Did it move forward, backward, or stay in the same place?The Dummy on Trolley A fell forward during the collision, as the gradient increased, the close up fell further forwar d.2.The conclusion I have drawn from the indorse suggests that the steeper the gradient, the greater the impact. T...